Abstract:
:The influence of biochar on nitrogen (N) transformation processes in soil is not fully understood. This study assessed the influence of four biochars (wood and poultry manure biochars synthesized at 400 degrees C, nonactivated, and at 550 degrees C, activated, abbreviated as: W400, PM400, W550, PM550, respectively) on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and N leaching from an Alfisol and a Vertisol. Repacked soil columns were subjected to three wetting-drying (W-D) cycles to achieve a range of water-filled pore space (WFPS) over a 5-mo period. During the first two W-D cycles, W400 and W550 had inconsistent effects on N2O emissions and the soils amended with PM400 produced higher N2O emissions relative to the control. The initially greater N2O emission from the PM400 soils was ascribed to its higher labile intrinsic N content than the other biochars. During the third W-D cycle, all biochar treatments consistently decreased N2O emissions, cumulatively by 14 to 73% from the Alfisol and by 23 to 52% from the Vertisol, relative to their controls. In the first leaching event, higher nitrate leaching occurred from the PM400-amended soils compared with the other treatments. In the second event, the leaching of ammonium was reduced by 55 to 93% from the W550- and PM550-Alfisol and Vertisol, and by 87 to 94% from the W400- and PM400-Vertisol only (cf. control). We propose that the increased effectiveness of biochars in reducing N2O emissions and ammonium leaching over time was due to increased sorption capacity of biochars through oxidative reactions on the biochar surfaces with ageing.
journal_name
J Environ Qualjournal_title
Journal of environmental qualityauthors
Singh BP,Hatton BJ,Balwant S,Cowie AL,Kathuria Adoi
10.2134/jeq2009.0138subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
1224-35issue
4eissn
0047-2425issn
1537-2537journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Phosphorus losses from agricultural soils is an important source of P in surface waters leading to surface water quality impairment. In addition to reducing P inputs, mitigation measures are needed to reduce P enrichment of surface waters. Because drainage of agricultural land by pipe drainage is an important pathway ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0344
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increase in endocrine-disrupting compounds in the environment has generated research focused on the behavior of these compounds in natural soil and water ecosystems. To understand how estrogens behave in the soil environment as a result of 25+ yr of wastewater irrigation, soils from Penn State's "Living Filter" wa...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2014.04.0153
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::High intensity wildfire due to long-term fire suppression and heavy fuels buildup can render watersheds highly susceptible to wind and water erosion. The 2002 "Gondola" wildfire, located just southeast of Lake Tahoe, NV-CA, was followed 2 wk later by a severe hail and rainfall event that deposited 7.6 to 15.2 mm of pr...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0466
更新日期:2007-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have indicated that dissolved-phase metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] transported in surface runoff is retained by vegetative filter strips to a greater degree than either metolachlor oxanilic acid 12-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (2-methoxy-1-methylethy...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0939
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two novel solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques, PSRE (proton spin relaxation editing) and RESTORE [Restoration of Spectra via T(CH) and T(1rho)H (T One Rho H) Editing], were used to provide detailed chemical characterization of the organic matter from six Australian sewage sludges....
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.1523
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water resources protection from nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) contamination is an important public concern and a major national environmental issue. The abilities of the SOIL-SOILN model to simulate water drainage and nitrate N fluxes from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were evaluated using data from a 3-yr field exp...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.302584x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive loading of sediment and nutrients to rivers is a major problem in many parts of the United States. In this study, we tested the non-parametric Seasonal Kendall (SEAKEN) trend model and the parametric USGS Quality of Water trend program (QWTREND) to quantify trends in water quality of the Minnesota River at F...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0250
更新日期:2009-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory microcosm experiments were used to assess the effects of environmental parameters on the persistence of the Bacteroides 16S rRNA genes derived from equine fecal samples in stream water to investigate the utility of Bacteroides spp. as fecal indicator organisms. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reacti...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0258
更新日期:2009-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::To examine whether tree rings can be used to detect or assess local historical 90Sr or 137Cs fallout, such as that resulting from the Hiroshima atomic bomb, radial distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs in trees was examined. We studied a gymnosperm [Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don] and an angiosperm (Japa...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2002.2001
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bedding materials may affect air quality in livestock facilities. Our objective in this study was to compare headspace concentrations of ammonia (NH), total reduced sulfides (TRS), carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (NO) when pine wood chips ( spp.) and corn stover ( L.) were mixed in various ratios ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.09.0466
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory incubations of four broiler litter (BL) samples at 30°C were performed to investigate the effect of water content on the decay of uric acid nitrogen (UAN) and xanthine nitrogen (XN). UAN and XN concentrations increased in all samples during a period of 1 to 8 d before declining for the remaining 30 d. The i...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2014.05.0240
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water resource managers seeking to optimize stream ecosystem services and abstractions of water from watersheds need an understanding of the importance of land use, physical and climatic characteristics, and hydrography on different low flow components of stream hydrographs. Within 33 USGS gaged watersheds of southern...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.08.0434
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porosity and permeability of porous and fractured geological media decrease with the exploitation of formation fluids such as petroleum, natural gas, or ground water. This may result in ground subsidence and a decrease of recovery of petroleum, natural gas, or ground water. Therefore, an evaluation of the behavior of ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil chemical constituents influence soil structure and erosion potential. We investigated manure and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil chemistry (carbon [C] quality and exchangeable cations), aggregation, and phosphorus (P) loss in overland flow. Surface samples (0-5 cm) of a Hagerstown (fine, mixed, semiacti...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.2070
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Land application of co-produced waters from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) wells is one management option used in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana. Unfortunately, the co-produced CBNG waters may be saline and/or sodic. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of irrigation with CBNG waters...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0442
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex variation in gas emissions from animal facilities has been shown in recent research reports. Uncertainties in these emission estimates are driving research activities concerning different animal species across the globe. Greenhouse gas (NO and CO) and NH concentrations were measured in a modern, tunnel-ventila...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.09.0390
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When wetlands are disturbed by cattle, pulses of contaminants may be released. We studied nitrogen exports from a small pastoral wetland (1725 m) in the Lake Taupo Catchment, New Zealand, to which cattle and sheep had periodic access. Flow, turbidity, and water quality samples were collected at the wetland outlet over...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0435
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Batch sequential extraction techniques for fractionating metals or metalloids in soils are time consuming and subject to several potential errors. The development of a continuous-flow sequential extraction method for soil As is described and assessed, having the benefits of simplicity, rapidity, less risk of contamina...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.1940
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subsurface tile drains in agricultural systems of the midwestern United States are a major contributor of nitrate-N (NO-N) loadings to hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Hydrologic and water quality models, such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, are widely used to simulate tile drainage systems. The Hoogho...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.01.0018
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional wisdom postulates that leaching losses of N from agriculture systems are dominated by NO(3)(-). Although the export of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) into the groundwater has been recognized for more than 100 yr, it is often ignored when total N budgets are constructed. Leaching of DON into stream and d...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0277
更新日期:2009-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission measurements from livestock excreta in Africa are limited. We measured CH and NO emissions from excreta of six Boran () and six Friesian () steers near Nairobi, Kenya. The steers were fed one of three diets (T1 [chaffed wheat straw], T2 [T1 + Meissner - 0.2% live weight per day], and T3 [...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2016.02.0050
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acidic (pH 4.1) and high Cd, Pb, and Zn mine tailings (mean +/- SD: 17 +/- 0.4, 3800 +/- 100, and 3500 +/- 100 mg kg(-1), respectively) from an alluvial tailings deposit in Leadville, Colorado were amended with municipal biosolids (BS) (224 Mg ha(-1)) and different types of lime (calcium carbonate equivalent of 224 Mg...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0411
更新日期:2007-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need for treatment technologies that can eliminate environmental problems associated with anaerobic lagoons. These technologies must be able to capture nutrients, kill pathogens, and reduce emissions of ammonia and nuisance odors. To meet these needs, a full-scale wastewater treatment plant was installed as...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0035
更新日期:2006-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is applied periodically to commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus panctatus) ponds as an algicide or parasiticide. Current understanding of the chemistry of copper in soil-water systems suggests that copper may accumulate in pond sediments, although the forms and potential bioavailability of copp...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.303912x
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::On-site septic systems require appropriate soil characteristics to provide effective wastewater treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate siting practices and treatment efficacy of on-site septic systems within the Cannonsville Reservoir watershed (115900 ha) in the state of New York. Using digital soil s...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1989
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conversions of Mollisols from prairie to cropland and subsequent changes in crop production practices in the Midwestern USA have resulted in changes in soil organic matter. Few studies have used archived samples, long-term resampling of soils to a depth of 1 m, and space for time studies to document these changes. We ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0132
更新日期:2009-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) microprobe analysis and micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (micro-XANES) spectroscopy were employed to identify Fe and Mn phases and their association with selected metals in two biosolids (limed composted [LC] and Nu-Earth) before and after treatment to remove organic carb...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0259
更新日期:2006-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of agricultural runoff on the vegetation structure of Franklin Bog, a priority conservation area located in a rapidly developing region of northwestern Vermont. Forested and agricultural runoff from the mixed land use watershed created differential vegetation patterns in the wetland, in...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2002.3500
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent strategies to reduce elevated nitrate concentrations employ metallic Fe0 as a reductant. Secondary products of Fe0 corrosion include magnetite (Fe3O4), green rust [Fe6(OH)12SO4], and wüstite [FeO(s)]. To our knowledge, no studies have been reported on the reactivity of NO3- with FeO(s). This project was initiat...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0459
更新日期:2005-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Although many studies have measured denitrification in stream sediments, few have utilized these data with local water column and sediment measurements to develop a predictive model for NO uptake. In this study, sediment denitrification was measured from cores in five streams under various land uses in south-central M...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.06.0249
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00