Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Chatbots are systems that are able to converse and interact with human users using spoken, written, and visual languages. Chatbots have the potential to be useful tools for individuals with mental disorders, especially those who are reluctant to seek mental health advice due to stigmatization. While numerous studies have been conducted about using chatbots for mental health, there is a need to systematically bring this evidence together in order to inform mental health providers and potential users about the main features of chatbots and their potential uses, and to inform future research about the main gaps of the previous literature. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to provide an overview of the features of chatbots used by individuals for their mental health as reported in the empirical literature. METHODS:Seven bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar) were used in our search. In addition, backward and forward reference list checking of the included studies and relevant reviews was conducted. Study selection and data extraction were carried out by two reviewers independently. Extracted data were synthesised using a narrative approach. Chatbots were classified according to their purposes, platforms, response generation, dialogue initiative, input and output modalities, embodiment, and targeted disorders. RESULTS:Of 1039 citations retrieved, 53 unique studies were included in this review. The included studies assessed 41 different chatbots. Common uses of chatbots were: therapy (n = 17), training (n = 12), and screening (n = 10). Chatbots in most studies were rule-based (n = 49) and implemented in stand-alone software (n = 37). In 46 studies, chatbots controlled and led the conversations. While the most frequently used input modality was written language only (n = 26), the most frequently used output modality was a combination of written, spoken and visual languages (n = 28). In the majority of studies, chatbots included virtual representations (n = 44). The most common focus of chatbots was depression (n = 16) or autism (n = 10). CONCLUSION:Research regarding chatbots in mental health is nascent. There are numerous chatbots that are used for various mental disorders and purposes. Healthcare providers should compare chatbots found in this review to help guide potential users to the most appropriate chatbot to support their mental health needs. More reviews are needed to summarise the evidence regarding the effectiveness and acceptability of chatbots in mental health.
journal_name
Int J Med Informjournal_title
International journal of medical informaticsauthors
Abd-Alrazaq AA,Alajlani M,Alalwan AA,Bewick BM,Gardner P,Househ Mdoi
10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103978subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-01 00:00:00pages
103978eissn
1386-5056issn
1872-8243pii
S1386-5056(19)30716-6journal_volume
132pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether context-specific alerts for potassium-increasing drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in a clinical decision support system reduced the alert burden, increased alert acceptance, and had an effect on the occurrence of hyperkalemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In the pre-intervention period all alert...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.104013
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, diagnosis and treatment have been seen as two distinct tasks. Consequently, most approaches to computer supported health care focus on one of the two-mostly on diagnosis or rather on the interpretation of measurements which is much better understood and formalised. However, in practice diagnosis and tre...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1386-5056(02)00064-3
更新日期:2002-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To develop a powerful archetype editing framework capable of handling multiple reference models and oriented towards the semantic description and standardization of legacy data. METHODS:The main prerequisite for implementing tools providing enhanced support for archetypes is the clear specification of archetyp...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.03.006
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper shortly describes an Infusion Toolbox and a blood pressure (BP) control application. It explains how we applied an agent model and client-server technology to integrate them. We show that by using this framework and object oriented technologies the necessary changes to the existing applications are reduced....
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1386-5056(98)00093-8
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aims of this paper were to study the reporting rate and completeness of data reported from primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) in Sweden to the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR), with a special attention on the relation between these measures and the reporting system used by the PHCCs. METHOD:A nat...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.06.006
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study assessed current perspectives and expectations for telemedicine by nursing home caregivers and families of nursing home patients in Taipei, Taiwan. METHODS:A total of 116 interviews were conducted with family members (n=37) and caregivers (n=79) using an original, four-part questionnaire devised ...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.02.009
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic diseases management outside expensive hospital settings has become a major target for governments, funders and healthcare service providers. It is well known that chronic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) do not occur in isolation, and has a shared aetiology common to many other diseases and dis...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.04.001
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Worldwide, patients have posted millions of online reviews for their doctors. The rich textual information in the online reviews holds the potential to generate insights into how patients' experience with their doctors differ across nations and how should we use them to improve our health service. OBJECTIVE...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.12.007
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SHARE(1) project (http://www.eu-share.org) was asked to identify the key developments needed to achieve wide adoption and deployment of HealthGrids throughout Europe. The project was asked to organise these as milestones on a road map, so that all technical advances, social actions, economic investments and ethica...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.10.003
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the recent advances in computational science, machine-learning methods have been increasingly used in medical research. Because such projects usually require both a clinician and a computational data scientist, there is a need for interdisciplinary research collaboration. However, there has been no publ...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104274
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The pharmaceutical record system (PRS) is a French nationwide centralized electronic database shared among all community pharmacists listing all drugs dispensed by community pharmacists in the last four months. The objective of this study, the Medication Assessment Through Real time Information eXchange - ...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.09.010
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical pathways (CPs) increase in popularity and are known to lead to several benefits in the hospital environment. Clinical pathways can be either paper-based or software-based. It is known that paper-based CPs can result in more paperwork instead of simplifying daily routines of healthcare workers. Insuf...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.104052
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Teamwork and interprofessional communication are important in addressing the comprehensive care needs of complex hospitalized patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of an electronic interprofessional communication and collaboration platform on teamwork, communication, and adverse eve...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.04.010
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Improving outpatient resource utilization significantly enhances the efficiency of healthcare organizations. Substantial number of walk-in patients (average of 72% in our study) to outpatient services is a universal characteristic of Taiwan's healthcare organizations. Consequently, scheduling becomes extre...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1386-5056(03)00008-x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Documentation of medical treatment and observation of patients during evacuation from the point of injury to definitive treatment is important both for optimizing patient treatment and managing the evacuation process. The current practice in military medical field documentation uses paper forms and voice commun...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2007.01.006
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is becoming increasingly essential for individuals to be able uniquely to identify themselves and each other, even where they may never meet. Access to and use of privileges of membership, whether of a professional association, computer network or health insurance policy depends upon the 'members' being able to pro...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1386-5056(00)00119-2
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A regional health information infrastructure is being developed in an internally self-governing country which is a dependent territory of the British Crown, is not part of the United Kingdom but is a member of the British Commonwealth. This country of about 70000 inhabitants (and significant numbers of visitors) withi...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2003.11.010
更新日期:2004-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Funding constraints, demands for improved efficiency, low staff to student ratios and improved computer software (D. Wright, The use of multimedia computers and software in nurse education, Health Inf. 1 (3) (1995) 101-107.) all combine to produce a situation where a dramatic increase in the use of CBE for tertiary nu...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1386-5056(98)00057-4
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Health Risk Reminders and Surveillance (HRRS) system was designed to deliver critical abnormal test results of severely ill patients from Laboratory, Radiology, and Pathology departments to physicians within 5 min using cell phone text messages. This paper explores the success of the HRRS system. METHOD:...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.03.003
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs aim to optimize antibiotic use and reduce inappropriate prescriptions through a panel of interventions. The implementation of clinical guidelines is a core strategy of AMS programs. Nevertheless, their dissemination and application remain low. Computeri...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104233
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The rapid scale-up of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited countries requires concurrent, rapid development of health information systems to support quality service delivery. Mozambique, a country with an 11.5% prevalence of HIV, has developed nation-wide patient monitoring systems (PMS) with standar...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.11.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Collecting and analyzing findings constitute the basis of medical activity. Computer assisted medical activity raises the problem of modelling findings. We propose a unified representation of findings integrating the representations of findings in the GAMUTS in Radiology [M.M. Reeder, B. Felson, GAMUTS in radio...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2007.11.003
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Clinical problems in the Electronic Health Record that are encoded in SNOMED CT can be translated into ICD-10-CM codes through the NLM's SNOMED CT to ICD-10-CM map (NLM Map). This study evaluates the potential benefits of using the map-generated codes to assist manual ICD-10-CM coding. METHODS:De-identified ...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.002
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to their efficiency and safety potential, computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems are gaining considerable attention in in-patient settings. However, recent studies have shown that these systems may undermine the efficiency and safety of the medication process by impeding nurse-physician collab...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.04.001
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence-based therapy for heart failure remains underutilized at hospital discharge, particularly for patients with heart failure who are hospitalized for another cause. We developed clinical decision support (CDS) to recommend an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor during hospitalization to promo...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103956
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Shared Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, which provide a health information exchange (HIE) within a community of care, were found to be a key enabler of informational continuity of diabetes mellitus (DM) care. Quantitative analyses of the actual contribution of Shared EHR systems to informational continui...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.05.001
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the relationship between cognitive status and the usability of an integrated medication delivery unit (MDU) in older adults who reside in an Assisted Living Facility (ALF). METHODS:Subjects were recruited from a single ALF in Pittsburgh, PA. Usability testing sessions required subjects to execute ta...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.07.004
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The drug information most commonly requested by patients is to learn more about potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of their drugs. Such information should be customizable to individual information needs. While approaches to automatically aggregate ADRs by text-mining processes and establishment of respe...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103970
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The availability of comprehensive and accurate medication history information in electronic medical records and through electronic prescribing provides the opportunity to create tailored interventions based on individuals' particular medication information needs. To meet the challenges of providing medicat...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2012.09.007
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine whether simulation training enhanced self-efficacy of physicians and nurses who work in the outpatient setting to use electronic medical records, and whether the training changed their perceptions about the importance of electronic medical records (EMRs) in helping patients and improving patients'...
journal_title:International journal of medical informatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.02.003
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00