Abstract:
:Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. Food and pharmaceutical manufacturers share a common need for bitterness-masking strategies that allow them to deliver useful quantities of the active compounds in an acceptable form and in this review we compare and contrast the challenges and approaches by researchers in both fields. We focus on physical approaches, i.e., micro- or nano-structures to bind bitter compounds in the mouth, yet break down to allow release after they are swallowed. In all of these methods, the assumption is the degree of bitterness suppression depends on the concentration of bitterant in the saliva and hence the proportion that is bound. Surprisingly, this hypothesis has only rarely been fully tested using a combination of adequate human sensory trials and measurements of binding. This is especially true in pharmaceutical systems, perhaps due to the greater experimental challenges in sensory analysis of drugs.
journal_name
Pharm Resjournal_title
Pharmaceutical researchauthors
Coupland JN,Hayes JEdoi
10.1007/s11095-014-1480-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
2921-39issue
11eissn
0724-8741issn
1573-904Xjournal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE:Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are non-CYP enzymes that contribute to systemic elimination of therapeutic agents, and localized on mitochondrial membranes. The aim of the present study was to validate quantitative estimation of metabolic clearance of MAO substrate drugs using human liver microsomes (HLMs). METHODS:...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-017-2140-4
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraocular enzymes convert the ketoxime analogues of some beta-adrenergic blockers via a sequential bioactivation process involving hydrolysis to the corresponding ketones followed by reduction to the aryloxyaminoalcohols, which then exert known and predictable physiological and pharmacological effects only at the si...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015863521513
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of microdialysis sampling to study the binding of drugs to plasma proteins was evaluated. Microdialysis sampling is accomplished by placing a short length of dialysis fiber in the sample and perfusing the fiber with a vehicle. Small molecules in the sample, such as drugs, diffuse into the fiber and are transpo...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015955503708
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of release from sustained-release adinazolam mesylate tablets was assessed by the Higuchi equation and by analysis of drug release profiles through 60% released using the Peppas equation. Computed values of the diffusional exponent, n, ranged from 0.59 to 0.66. Values of n in this range are consistent wi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015834114359
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micelle-associated epoetin is still a possible explanation for the upsurge of pure red blood cell aplasia associated with subcutaneous use of epoetin alpha in patients with chronic renal failure. ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9573-5
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To design and synthesize fatty acid-RGD peptide amphiphiles with ADA linker for their potential delivery of hydrophobic drugs like paclitaxel targeted to α(v)β(3) integrin overexpressing tumors. METHODS:Four amphiphiles - C16 or C18 fatty acid-RGD peptide and ADA linker were designed and synthesized. CMC, size...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0830-5
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The long-term stability and nasal absorption characteristics of a basic nasal formulation of azetirelin, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog and its absorption enhancement by incorporation of acylcarnitines in the formulation were investigated. METHODS:The long-term stability of basic nasal azetirelin formu...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1011952804479
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silk is a remarkable biopolymer with a long history of medical use. Silk fabrications have a robust track record for load-bearing applications, including surgical threads and meshes, which are clinically approved for use in humans. The progression of top-down and bottom-up engineering approaches using silk as the basi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11095-018-2534-y
更新日期:2018-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Paclitaxel is a first-line drug for the therapy of lung cancer, however, drug resistance is a serious limiting factor, related to overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins like survivin. To overcome this phenomenon, developing novel ultrasound responsive nanobubbles - nanosized drug delivery system- for the del...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-020-02885-x
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the impact of different process conditions and formulation compositions on metastable mannitol forms in protein formulations during lyophilization. METHODS:Mannitol was studied with and without other formulation components. A cryostage was used to mimic the different processing steps during lyophiliza...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0855-9
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Using monolayers of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (Panc-1) that express multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), the present work investigates the effects of Pluronic block copolymers on the functional activity of MRP. METHODS:The studies examined the accumulation and efflux of the MRP selective ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1018873702411
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the hypothesis of surface displacement as the underlying mechanism for IgG stabilization by polysorbates and HPβCD against surface-induced aggregation. METHODS:Adsorption/desorption-kinetics of IgG-polysorbate 80/-HPβCD were monitored. Maximum bubble pressure method was used for processes within second...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0854-x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymeric biomaterials have extensively been used in medicinal applications. However, factors that determine their biocompatibility are still not very clear. This article reviews various effects of the chemical structure and the surface properties of polymeric biomaterials on their biocompatibility, including protein ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/b:pham.0000036909.41843.18
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Drug transfer into milk is a general concern during lactation. Because data are limited in human subjects, particularly for new drugs, experimental animal models of lactational drug transfer are critical. This study analyzed drug transfer into milk in a mouse model, as well as the contribution of similar and di...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-013-1085-5
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the potential of ascorbate as a novel ligand in the preparation of pharmaceutical nanocarriers with enhanced tumor-cell specific binding and cytotoxicity. METHODS:Palmitoyl ascorbate was incorporated into liposomes at varying concentrations. A stable formulation was selected based on size and zeta ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9674-4
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the mechanism of renal transport of quinolone antibacterial drugs, we examined the interaction of levofloxacin with p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport systems and the transport of levofloxacin in renal epithelial cells. METHODS:Transport of [14C]PAH or [14C]levofloxacin was measured using OK cell mon...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1011012822437
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate whether conjunctival epithelial cells express transport processes for opioid peptides. METHODS:We monitored the uptake of [(3)H]deltorphin II and [(3)H]DADLE, two hydrolysis-resistant synthetic opioid peptides, in the rabbit conjunctival epithelial cell line CJVE and elucidated the characteristi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9709-x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible mechanism of hepatic uptake of colchicine (CLC), a microtubule system disrupting agent, was examined using isolated rat hepatocytes. The existence of a carrier-mediated active transport system for CLC was demonstrated. This transport system is saturable, is affected by metabolic inhibitors (dinitrophenol,...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015917601349
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To quantitatively compare in vitro dissolution data in biorelevant and compendial media, to investigate whether in vitro differences are reflected in the simulated plasma profile and to specify under which circumstances prediction of the plasma profile of orally administered lipophilic drugs can be achieved. M...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1011071401306
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In principle, maximum transepidermal fluxes of solutes should be similar for different vehicles, except when the solute or vehicle modifies the skin. Here we estimated maximum flux, stratum corneum solubility, diffusivity and permeability coefficient for a range of similarly sized phenolic compounds with varyin...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0846-x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In this study, we aimed to illustrate the utility of fractional radiofrequency (RF) that generated microchannels in the skin, allowing delivery of peptide and siRNA via the skin. The mechanisms involved in the correlation between macromolecule permeation and skin structure were also elucidated. METHODS:The mor...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-014-1568-z
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dihydropyridine ⇄ pyridinium salt-based brain-selective delivery systems were synthesized for the progestins, ethisterone, norethindrone, and norgestrel. After initial lipophilicity and in vitro studies indicated the feasibility of applying these compounds to brain-specific delivery, in vivo distribution studies were ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/A:1016359301852
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Permeation studies, with near infrared (NIR) light and anti-aggregation antibody formulation, were used to investigate the in vitro permeation of bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept through human sclera. METHODS:A vertical, spherical Franz cell diffusion apparatus was used for this scleral tissue permeati...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-018-2392-7
更新日期:2018-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The major goal of this study was to compare the relative utility of the Hanson Microette and the Van Kel apparatus, two fully automated devices, as in vitro release tests (IVRT) for semisolids. We attempted to develop methodology that can be used to discriminate formulation changes, and to evaluate the precisio...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1012256923340
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfasalazine, 60 mg/kg, was administered orally to groups of rats (n = 4) along with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of riboflavin. Plasma and urine were assayed for 5-aminosalicylic acid, acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid, sulfapyridine, and acetyl-sulfapyridine using an HPLC method. The mean percent of dose recovered as total metabol...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015938706685
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to elucidate the different mechanisms of action of different excipients on the oxidation of Met1, Met122, Met127, and Met138 in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. METHODS:The oxidation of Met1, Met127, and Met138 was quantifi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-004-9019-x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic parameters of leuprolide acetate, a potent analogue of LH-RH, were determined in rats and dogs after i.v. and s.c. dosing with leuprolide solution. The effective human dose of once-a-month injectable microspheres of leuprolide was estimated to be about 3.2 to 8.1 mg analogue/month using these param...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1015818504906
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system has the ability to recognize and kill pre-cancer and cancer cells. However, with the immune system's surveillance, the survival tumor cells learn how to escape the immune system after immunoselection. Cancer immunotherapy develops strategies to overcome these problems. Nanomedicine applications in ca...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0258-8
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the extent of lateral spread and stratum corneum (SC) penetration of caffeine (CAF), hydrocortisone (HC) and ibuprofen (IBU) using a novel concentric tape stripping technique. METHOD:Ethanolic solutions of CAF, HC or IBU were applied to the forearm of 8 volunteers. At various time points, 10 succe...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0731-7
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Reverse micellar solutions of diclofenac sodium were encapsulated in soft gelatine capsules. On contact with aqueous media they exhibited an application induced transformation (AIT) into a semisolid system of liquid crystals (SSLC) which slows down drug release. The aim of the present paper was to study in vitr...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1012127829032
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00