Does the Eyebrow Sag with Aging? An Anthopometric Study of 95 Caucasians from 20 to 79 Years of Age.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:It is commonly assumed that a progressive sagging of the eyebrow occurs with the facial aging process. Only a few studies have analyzed this modification, and the findings are disparate and inconclusive. This study, based on reproducible and validated data, aimed to quantify the modifications of eyebrow position that may occur with aging. Also analyzed were the effects of these eyebrow position changes on the upper eyelid and on frontal muscle activity. METHODS:The study included 95 Caucasian adults divided in three groups: 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 79 years of age. Photographic portraits were made using a standardized photograph protocol. Eyebrow position was evaluated from the intercanthal line to four points along the upper margin of the eyebrow. The upper eyelid height, the lid sulcus height, and the upper iris coverage were measured. Severity of the forehead lines was analyzed using a validated scale. Reliability and validity of all measures were controlled beforehand. RESULTS:No significant differences were found when comparing eyebrow height above the medial canthus, the pupil, the lateral sclero-corneal limbus, and the lateral canthus between groups (p > 0.5). In addition, results suggested an increase of dermatochalasis when eyebrow height decreased. Also demonstrated was a significant increase of frontal muscle activity with aging. CONCLUSIONS:In contrast to conventional descriptions, this study demonstrated the stability of the eyebrow position with aging. This results from a physiological state of muscular compensation and may help explain the questionable results of eyebrow surgery.

journal_name

Plast Reconstr Surg

authors

Bruneau S,Foletti JM,Muller S,Vercasson C,Lauwers F,Guyot L

doi

10.1097/01.prs.0000475756.78956.40

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-02-01 00:00:00

pages

305e-312e

issue

2

eissn

0032-1052

issn

1529-4242

pii

00006534-201602000-00014

journal_volume

137

pub_type

杂志文章,多中心研究
  • Lifting of the upper two-thirds of the face: supraperiosteal-subSMAS versus subperiosteal approach. The quest for physiologic surgery.

    abstract::The supraperiosteal-subSMAS lifting technique, which has been performed since 1985, for the rejuvenation of the upper two-thirds of the face is described, and the results obtained in a series of 128 cases treated, emphasizing the attainment of an effective rejuvenation together with a minimum of complications and unde...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-199811000-00059

    authors: de la Plaza R,de la Cruz L

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • Consolidation Time and Relapse: A Systematic Review of Outcomes in Internal versus External Midface Distraction for Syndromic Craniosynostosis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The choice between internal and external distraction osteogenesis for midface advancement in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis is based primarily on surgeon preference and expertise. However, differences in outcomes between the two techniques have been sparingly compared. In this work, the authors per...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000006164

    authors: Bertrand AA,Lipman KJ,Bradley JP,Reidhead J,Lee JC

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Ring avulsion injury.

    abstract::Dependent upon the age, the occupation, and the requisites of an individual patient, the less important ulnar fingers may be of great value; in these the philosophy of discriminate preservation should be given considerable weight in the choice of treatment. Revascularization of fingers injured by a ring avulsion, and...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Flagg SV,Finseth FJ,Krizek TJ

    更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00

  • Experience with the gold weight and palpebral spring in the management of paralytic lagophthalmos.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The loss of the blink reflex and the ability to close the eye actively are disabling functional and aesthetic impairments common to patients with facial paralysis. Nonphysiologic (static) management techniques involve implantation of devices in the upper eyelid that mechanically aid eye closure. The most pop...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000299919.18076.b4

    authors: Terzis JK,Kyere SA

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term persistence of tissue-engineered adipose flaps in a murine model to 1 year: an update.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Tissue engineering of patient-specific adipose tissue has the potential to revolutionize reconstructive surgery. Numerous models have been described for the production of adipose tissue with success in the short term, but little has been reported on the stability of this tissue-engineered fat beyond 4 months...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181b59ff6

    authors: Findlay MW,Messina A,Thompson EW,Morrison WA

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • Time Interval Reduction for Delayed Implant-Based Cranioplasty Reconstruction in the Setting of Previous Bone Flap Osteomyelitis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Reinfections following implant-based cranioplasty, in the setting of previous bone flap osteomyelitis, are common and associated with significant morbidity. The timing of reconstruction following initial osteomyelitic bone flap removal remains controversial; most advocate for prolonged time intervals of appr...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000475770.14396.1e

    authors: Lopez J,Zhong SS,Sankey EW,Swanson EW,Susarla H,Jusue-Torres I,Huang J,Brem H,Auwaerter PG,Gordon CR

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • The Fibula Osteoseptocutaneous Flap: Concise Review, Goal-Oriented Surgical Technique, and Tips and Tricks.

    abstract::The fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap is a workhorse flap for bone reconstruction. Mastery of the flap is essential for a rewarding reconstruction. However, there is no complete work on this versatile flap. The authors provide a concise review of the literature, address the myths and challenges associated with the flap,...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005065

    authors: Al Deek NF,Kao HK,Wei FC

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Bleed of and biologic response to triglyceride filler used in radiolucent breast implants.

    abstract::Radiolucent breast implants filled with triglyceride oil have recently entered limited clinical trials. To investigate the questions of oil bleed and the fate of triglycerides that might escape from ruptured breast implants, experiments reported here used peanut oil labeled with radioisotopes so that it could be trace...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00012

    authors: Young VL,Lund H,Ueda K,Pidgeon L,Schorr MW,Kreeger J

    更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00

  • Pitfalls of nonstandardized photography in facial plastic surgery patients.

    abstract::The authors tested the hypothesis that certain maneuvers (neck flexion/extension and head protrusion/retrusion) alter the appearance of the submental area, jawline, and melolabial groove. They used a questionnaire survey of 20 naïve judges who assessed a standardized photograph album of three subjects. The subjects' f...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000127791.31526.e2

    authors: Sommer DD,Mendelsohn M

    更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00

  • New Strategies for Remnant Ear Treatment in Lobule-Type Microtia Reconstruction.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Numerous modifications have been successfully applied in microtia reconstruction over the past several decades, and lobular transposition has become a routine technique in a two-stage operation. However, it is still a demanding challenge to manipulate the remnant ear with various quantities or positions in l...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004610

    authors: Xu Z,Zhang R,Zhang Q,Xu F,Li D,Li Y

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • Breast reduction: does the tumescent technique affect reimbursement?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast reduction is a very common procedure within the field of plastic surgery, with many techniques. These techniques include differences in the location of the pedicles and of the scars. Another variation on the technique for breast reduction relates to preoperative infiltration of an epinephrine solution...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181823755

    authors: Kaplan JL,Rotemberg S,Yetman R,Boggs O,Bena JF,Tang AS,Meisler E

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of vertical and oblique rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps for pelvic, perineal, and groin reconstruction.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Wound complications after perineal and groin obliterative procedures are a significant cause of morbidity, particularly following chemoradiation therapy. Vertical and, increasingly, oblique rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps have been used to fill potential dead space and bring healthy, vascularized tissue ...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000324

    authors: Combs PD,Sousa JD,Louie O,Said HK,Neligan PC,Mathes DW

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Use of virtual surgery and stereolithography-guided osteotomy for mandibular reconstruction with the free fibula.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:Fibular osteotomy remains a challenging aspect of mandibular microsurgical reconstruction, dependent largely on surgeon experience, intraoperative judgment, and technical speed. Virtual surgical planning and stereolithographic modeling is a relatively new technique that can allow for reduction in the learnin...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31822b6723

    authors: Antony AK,Chen WF,Kolokythas A,Weimer KA,Cohen MN

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • Nonepidermal origin of malignant melanoma associated with a giant congenital nevocellular nevus.

    abstract::We report an adult who developed primary malignant melanoma arising in association with residual nevus cells in the pectoralis muscle under an intact skin graft 13 years following the partial excision of a giant congenital nevocellular nevus (GCNN). The case serves to emphasize the malignant potential of GCNN, for whi...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-198106000-00012

    authors: Rhodes AR,Wood WC,Sober AJ,Mihm MC Jr

    更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00

  • Arterial supply of the anterior ear.

    abstract::Twenty cadaver auricles were injected with a latex solution to define the arterial supply of the anteroauricular surface. Two arterial networks exist, the network of the triangular fossa-scapha and the network of the concha. Both eventually communicate on the anthelix. The triangular fossa-scapha network originates fr...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-199207000-00005

    authors: Park C,Lineaweaver WC,Rumly TO,Buncke HJ

    更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00

  • The increasing incidence of melanoma.

    abstract::A study of our hospital records has confirmed a striking increase in the number of melanoma cases. An examination of the New York State statistics demonstrates a 202 percent increase in the case rate from 1950 to 1971. The Connecticut statistics extending from 1935 to 1972 show an age-adjusted incidence rate increase ...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-197601000-00010

    authors: Cosman B,Heddle SB,Crikelair GF

    更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00

  • Distal arteriovenous fistula to maintain patency of the venous drainage of a latissimus dorsi flap following subclavian vein repair.

    abstract::Successful reconstructive surgery with muscle flaps depends on adequate arterial supply and undisturbed venous drainage. Combining such surgery with reconstructive vascular surgery of a large-caliber vein that is responsible for the venous drainage of the flap poses an additional challenge--the repaired vein's suscept...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-200102000-00032

    authors: Har-Shai Y,Karmeli R,Saute M,Mayblum S,Taran A,Barak A,Loberman Z,Naveh U,Eyal A,Schramek A

    更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00

  • Mandibular condylar growth alterations after unilateral partial facial paralysis: an experimental study in the rabbit.

    abstract::In a previous study in the rabbit, the authors defined the macroscopic growth alterations after unilateral partial facial paralysis. Dry skull measurements revealed a reduced premaxillary, maxillary, mandibular, and anterior corpus length with a simultaneous increase in mandibular ramal height on the paralyzed side. T...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-200201000-00028

    authors: Sinsel NK,Opdebeeck H,Guelinckx PJ

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Superior results using the islandized hemipalatal flap in palatoplasty: experience with 500 cases.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The double-opposing Z-plasty palatal repair, as reported by Dr. Furlow, is one of the most popular methods of primary cleft palate repair. However, the repair as originally described is difficult to perform on wide palatal clefts. The authors have modified the original repair by altering the hard palatal fla...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31817741e8

    authors: Bindingnavele VK,Bresnick SD,Urata MM,Huang G,Leland HA,Wong D,Hammoudeh J,Reinisch J

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Cranioplasty in the growing canine skull using demineralized perforated bone.

    abstract::This study was designed to test the hypothesis that demineralized perforated bone matrix implant from canine skull and tibia induces new bone formation within the calvarial defect comparable with the bone induced by autogenous graft. We also were interested in determining whether demineralized perforated bone matrix i...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-199509001-00002

    authors: Salyer KE,Bardach J,Squier CA,Gendler E,Kelly KM

    更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00

  • Simultaneous face lifting and skin resurfacing.

    abstract::Although face lifting and skin resurfacing both produce dramatic facial rejuvenations, the simultaneous combination has never been popularized. The development of new methods of lifting and resurfacing may now allow a reevaluation of this combination. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combi...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-199812000-00035

    authors: Fulton JE

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of breast animation deformity in implant-based reconstruction with pocket change to the subcutaneous position.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:Breast animation may be an unfortunate result of subpectoral implant-based reconstruction following mastectomy. This article reviews a novel approach to the treatment of animation deformity in cases of reconstruction, whereby the pectoralis major muscle is sutured down to the chest wall and the implant is tr...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001277

    authors: Hammond DC,Schmitt WP,O'Connor EA

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • A systematic review of functional donor-site morbidity after latissimus dorsi muscle transfer.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The authors performed a comprehensive literature review regarding functional impairment after latissimus dorsi muscle transfer, to investigate functional changes in the donor site and the potential impact on patients' daily lives. METHODS:The PubMed database was searched for articles regarding functional do...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000365

    authors: Lee KT,Mun GH

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Technique, Outcomes, and Complications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Nonsurgical rhinoplasty using filler injections has become a common procedure in cosmetic practices. This is offered to patients that prefer a temporary outcome or would like to avoid general anesthesia. In addition, it can be used in postrhinoplasty patients to correct nasal deformities or irregularities. T...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000006892

    authors: Williams LC,Kidwai SM,Mehta K,Kamel G,Tepper OM,Rosenberg JD

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • Optimizing miniplate fixation for simple mandibular fractures.

    abstract:SUMMARY:Optimal management of the mandible fracture is directly dependent on thorough evaluation, correct injury assessment, and timely initiation of appropriate therapy. As the mandible is a complex three-dimensional bone, significant structural differences in mandibular regions must be appreciated. While the small cr...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318195668e

    authors: Cole PD,Kaufman Y,Hatef DA,Hollier LH

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • The vascularized pig fibula bone flap model: effects of multiple segmental osteotomies on growth and viability.

    abstract::Previous work by this laboratory introduced the pig fibula bone flap as a model for the study of the pathophysiology of vascularized bone flaps. Anatomic and hemodynamic studies demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in vascular perfusion after a series of segmental osteotomies and rigid fixation (lag screws a...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-199904050-00012

    authors: Gur E,Chiodo A,Pang CY,Mendes M,Pritzker KP,Neligan PC,Shpitzer T,Forrest CR

    更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00

  • Electrophysiologic change and facial contour following botulinum toxin A injection in square faces.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This study was proposed to evaluate the facial contour and electrophysiologic changes of the masseter and temporalis muscles before and after botulinum toxin A injection in the wide lower face (square face). METHODS:The botulinum toxin A injections were performed on 10 patients for the treatment of square f...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000271068.71399.ae

    authors: Lee CJ,Kim SG,Kim YJ,Han JY,Choi SH,Lee SI

    更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of the hormonal function and histological features of heterotopic isogenic ovarian transplantation in rats.

    abstract::The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of preserving ovarian function after heterotopic transplantation by means of microvascular anastomosis of the transplanted vascular pedicles to a set of preselected vessels. Six groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley inbred rats were used in this study. Group I underwent ...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000055731.22839.74

    authors: Chiu DT,Hu G

    更新日期:2003-04-15 00:00:00

  • Fixing the match: a survey of resident behaviors.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The authors studied residency applicant attitudes toward rank list creation, communication with programs, and the impact of these factors on their performance in the Match. METHODS:An anonymous, 26-question, multiple-choice, online survey was distributed to the program coordinators of every Accreditation Co...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829ad2bb

    authors: Nagarkar PA,Janis JE

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • The bladder flap for urethral reconstruction in total phalloplasty.

    abstract::At the University of Virginia Hospital we have developed a new technique of urethroplasty utilizing a full-thickness flap of bladder wall. Tubing and transfer of the flap may be completed in two stages. The bladder flap is approximately 28 X 4 cm in size. Strictures have not occurred with this technique, but special c...

    journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/00006534-198408000-00015

    authors: Edgerton MT,Gillenwater JY,Kenney JG,Horowitz J

    更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00