Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Intellectual disability (ID), characterized by impairments in intellectual function and adaptive behavior, affects 1-3% of the population. Many studies investigated its etiology, but few are cohort studies in middle-income countries. AIMS:To estimate prevalence, etiology, and factors related to ID among children prospectively followed since birth in a Southern Brazilian city (Pelotas). METHODS:In 2004, maternity hospitals were visited daily and births were identified. Live-born infants (n = 4,231) whose family lived in the urban area have been followed for several years. At the age of 2 and 4 years, performances in development and intelligence tests were evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory and Wechsler Intelligence Scale, respectively. Children considered as having developmental delay were invited to attend a genetic evaluation. RESULTS:At 4 years of age, the prevalence of ID was 4.5%, and the etiology was classified into 5 groups: environmental (44.4%), genetic (20.5%), idiopathic (12.6%), neonatal sequelae (13.2%), other diseases (9.3%). Most children presented impairment in two or more areas of adaptive behavior. There was no difference in prenatal care attendance or maternal schooling among the groups. CONCLUSION:For about 40% of children, ID was attributed to nonbiological factors, suggesting that the rate may be reduced with appropriate interventions early in life.
journal_name
Public Health Genomicsjournal_title
Public health genomicsauthors
Karam SM,Barros AJ,Matijasevich A,Dos Santos IS,Anselmi L,Barros F,Leistner-Segal S,Félix TM,Riegel M,Maluf SW,Giugliani R,Black MMdoi
10.1159/000448912subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
290-7issue
5eissn
1662-4246issn
1662-8063pii
000448912journal_volume
19pub_type
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