Abstract：
:Several environmental laws include provisions on natural causes or force majeure, which except States from their commitments if it can be proven that the failure to meet the commitment is due to factors outside their control. The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) has a pivotal role in managing EU marine waters. This paper analyses natural causes and force majeure provisions of the MFSD and other marine legislation, and addresses their interaction with climate change and its consequences, especially the effect on the obligation of ensuring seas are in Good Environmental Status. Climate change is an exogenic unmanaged pressure in that it emanates from outside the area being managed but in which the management authority has to respond to the consequences of climate change, such as sea level rise and temperature elevation, rather than its causes. It is suggested that a defence by a Member State of force majeure may be accepted if an event was proven to be due to an externality of control, irresistible and unforeseeable. The analysis contends that countering such a legal defence would centre on the fact that climate change is a well-accepted phenomenon, is foreseen with an accepted level of confidence and probability and is due to human actions. However, as yet, this has not been legally tested.
journal_name
Mar Pollut Bulljournal_title
Marine pollution bulletinauthors
Saul R,Barnes R,Elliott Mdoi
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.074subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-15 00:00:00pages
25-35issue
1-2eissn
0025-326Xissn
1879-3363pii
S0025-326X(16)30478-7journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In this age of modern biology, aquatic toxicological research has pursued mechanisms of action of toxicants. This has provided potential tools for ecotoxicologic investigations. However, problems of biocomplexity and issues at higher levels of biological organization remain a challenge. In the 1980s and 1990s and cont...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.07.020
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of prolonged exposure to reduced oxygen levels (3.0 and 1.5 mg O(2)l(-1)) on marine scavenging gastropods Nassarius festivus were studied for 8 weeks. The percentages of individuals engaged in feeding and amount of food consumed were reduced as oxygen level decreased; absorption efficiency, however, did no...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.039
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After the Hebei Spirit oil spill incident (7th December, 2007) in the west coast of Korea, contamination of biliary PAH metabolite and hepatic biomarkers in a pelagic and a benthic fish was monitored for 1 year. Concentrations of 16 PAHs and alkylated PAHs in fish muscle were highest (22.0 ng/g d.w. for 16 PAHs and 28...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.045
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hard surface of waterborne plastic provides an ideal environment for the formation of biofilm by opportunistic microbial colonisers, and could facilitate a novel means of dispersal for microorganisms across coastal and marine environments. Biofilms that colonise the so-called 'plastisphere' could also be a reservo...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.011
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oil stranded as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill has persisted for >10 years at study sites on Gulf of Alaska shores distant from the spill's origin. These sites were contaminated by "oil mousse", which persists in these settings due to armoring of underlying sediments and their included oil beneath boulders. T...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.005
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-eroding silicone-based coatings can effectively reduce fouling of ship hulls and are an alternative to biocidal and heavy metal-based antifoulings. The products, whose formulations and make up are closely guarded proprietary knowledge, consist of a silicone resin matrix and may contain unbound silicone oils (1-10%...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.009
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marine mammals are ecologically and culturally important species, and various countries have specific legislation to protect the welfare of individual marine mammals and the conservation of their populations. Anthropogenic noise represents a particular challenge for conservation and management. There is a large and gr...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.056
更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to remotely detect and monitor oil spills is becoming increasingly important due to the high demand of oil-based products. Indeed, shipping routes are becoming very crowded and the likelihood of oil slick occurrence is increasing. In this frame, a fully integrated remote sensing system can be a valuable mo...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.045
更新日期：2016-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Symbiotic associations are complex partnerships that can lead to new metabolic capabilities and the establishment of novel organisms. The diversity of these associations is very broad and there are still many mysteries about the origin and the exact relationship between the organisms that are involved in a symbiosis. ...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.042
更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Seasonal maritime traffic was investigated in relation to cetaceans, through direct observations (July 2013-June 2015) along three fixed transects in Western Mediterranean. Visually obtained vessel abundance was compared with Automatic Identification System data to explore if the two methods provided different results...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.008
更新日期：2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite widespread detection of microplastic pollution in marine environments, data describing microplastic abundance in urban estuaries and microplastic discharge via treated municipal wastewater are limited. This study presents information on abundance, distribution, and composition of microplastic at nine sites in ...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.077
更新日期：2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The trace metal distribution in the sediments of Laucala Bay, a coastal lagoon with a barrier reef and significant freshwater input, adjacent to Suva, the capital of Fiji (150,000 people), was studied from the point of view of assessing the significance of anthropogenic sources relative to natural ones. Surface sedime...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-326x(00)00169-7
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical analysis of sediment cores collected up to 8km from the Macondo well in 2010/2011 demonstrates the extent of weathering of the Macondo oil deposited in deep-sea sediments following the Deepwater Horizon disaster. On average, dissolution and biodegradation of the oil on the seafloor increased with distance fro...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.036
更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The present estimates of ice drift in the Arctic include utilization of satellite imagery data (special sensor microwave/imager) and a reconstruction of air pressure for the period 1899-1998. A significant part of the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has its origin in the Kara Sea and melts in the Greenland and the Barents...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00087-5
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By analysis of the fatty acid profiles in mussel tissues and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water, the present study showed a significant relationship of the trophic linkage between mussels and the SPM. At seven locations from inner to outer areas along the eutrophic Tolo Harbour and Tolo Channel, Hong Kong, th...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.12.019
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fate and behavior of the Sanchi oil spill during January-February 2018 was simulated by coupling an oil spill model and satellite observations with meteo-oceanographic forcing. Extensive validation tests were performed for winds, currents, surface slick, stranded oil and oil fate. A series of hindcast experiments ...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110917
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The water column from Dakar coast and Saint Louis estuary in Senegal, West Africa, was sampled in order to measure the contamination level by trace metals. The speciation of metals in water allowed performing a distribution between dissolved and particulate trace metals. For the dissolved metals, the metallic concentr...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.051
更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The assessment of long-term trends in river water composition is hampered by river composition heterogeneity, and sampling and sample analysis uncertainty. This work describes a novel methodology for the reliable detection of small river composition trends by taking all relevant uncertainty components into account. Th...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111371
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on the occurrence and abundance of meso and microplastics for the South Pacific are limited and there is urgent need to fill this knowledge gap. The main aim of the study was to apply a rapid screening method, based on the fluorescence tagging of polymers using Nile red, to determine the concentration of meso and...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111572
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentrations of nutrients (NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, and SiO3-Si) and their ratios in the Lembeh Strait were estimated in April 2013, off the northeastern coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (NO2-N+NO3-N+NH4-N) and PO4-P were low, with a maximum of 0.181 and...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.020
更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Shipwrecks on the sea floor around the world may contain hazardous substances that can cause harm to the marine environment. Today there are no comprehensive methods for environmental risk assessment of shipwrecks, and thus there is poor support for decision-making on prioritization of mitigation measures. The purpose...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.037
更新日期：2014-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental bioremediation of crude oil was conducted for approximately 3 months in the intertidal zone of the Sea of Japan, Hyogo Prefecture. Artificial mixtures of weathered Arabian light crude oil and sand taken from the experimental site were wrapped in polyester net envelopes. The envelopes were placed in drum-s...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00412-5
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction of dispersed oil droplets with large diameter suspended particulate materials (SPM) has been little studied. In the current study, particle size, oil characteristics and chemical dispersant significantly influence the adsorption of oil droplets to SPM in seawater. Sediments with a smaller particulate s...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.049
更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sub-Seabed CCS is regarded as a key technology for the reduction of CO2 emissions, but little is known about the mechanisms through which leakages from storage sites impact benthic species. In this study, the biological responses of the infaunal bivalve Limecola balthica to CO2-induced seawater acidification (pH7.7, 7...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.037
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissues from thirteen specimens of marine turtles, one Dermochelys coriacea and twelve Caretta caretta, found dead along the Sicilian coasts in 2016 were analyzed for the presence of phthalates. Four phthalates (DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP) were found at different significant concentrations in liver and gonads, while only...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.069
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, an improved multi-scale integrated modeling framework has been established to evaluate coastal reclamation intensity (CRI). About 7 indicators are considered, including ecological degradation intensity (EDI), hydrodynamic disturbance (IHD), engineering types, water quality, economic investment, populati...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.065
更新日期：2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To document the historical input the PAH-profiles of sediment cores in two different basins of the Baltic Sea, the Gotland Basin (GB) and Arkona Basin (AB), were analysed by means of GC-MS. 35 PAHs were quantified in all samples, and additionally, several marker PAHs, like Cyclopenta[cd]phenanthrene (CCP) for combusti...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00062-0
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of floating macroalgae (250 g DW m(-2)) on photoautotrophic microbenthos were studied in a flow-through mesocosm with a parallel mesocosm without macroalgae serving as Control. Vertical microprofiles of O(2) at the sediment-water interface showed a immediate and complete suppression of photosynthetic activ...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.044
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocean acidification and warming represent major environmental threats to kelp mariculture. In this study, sporophytic photochemical efficiency and gametophytic growth of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida were evaluated under different pCO2 levels (360, 720, and 980 ppmv) and temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20 °...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.063
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shellfish samples were collected from the coastal cultivating areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjing Estuary, China and analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC. Concentration ranges of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the coastal area of east Xiamen Island were 0.18-345, 75.2...
journal_title：Marine pollution bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00092-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
