Abstract：
PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Sex lability (i.e., gender diphasy) in plants is classically linked to the larger resource needs associated with the female sexual function (i.e., seed production) compared to the male function (i.e., pollen production). Sex lability in response to the environment is extensively documented in dioecious species, but has been largely overlooked in gynodioecious plants. METHODS:Here, we tested whether environmental conditions induce sex lability in the gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum. We conducted a transplantation experiment in the field where plants with different sex expression were reciprocally transplanted between high light and low light habitats. We measured plants' reproductive output and sex expression over four years. KEY RESULTS:Our results show that sex expression was labile over the study period. The light level at the destination habitat had a significant effect on sexual expression and reproductive output, because plants decreased their reproductive output when transplanted to the low light habitat. Transplantation origin did not affect any parameter measured. CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that sex expression in Geranium sylvaticum is labile and related to light availability. Sexually labile plants did not produce more seeds or pollen, and thus, there was no apparent fitness gain in sexually labile individuals. Sex lability in gynodioecious plants may be more common than previously believed because detection of sex lability necessitates data on the same individuals over time, which is rare in sexually dimorphic herbaceous plants.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Varga S,Kytöviita MMdoi
10.3732/ajb.1600158subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-11-01 00:00:00pages
1928-1936issue
11eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
ajb.1600158journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The fossil record of aquatic flowering plants broadens our understanding of their former diversity and origins from terrestrial ancestors. This paper describes a floating aquatic monocot from 71 whole plants and several isolated leaf fragments from Upper Cretaceous oxbow lake sediments in the Dinosaur Park Formation, ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.94.4.609
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The American chestnut (Castanea dentata; Fagaceae) was a dominant canopy tree in the Appalachian Mountains of North America. Since the introduction of the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica; Valsaceae) in America, the American chestnut has been reduced to a predominantly clonal, understory species. Our o...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.90.2.207
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE:Gynomonoecy is an infrequent sexual system in angiosperms, although widely represented within the Asteraceae family. Currently, the hypothesis of two nuclear loci controling gynomonoecy is the most accepted. However, the genic interactions are still uncertain. Anacyclus clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1414
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Our goal was to infer the phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of the genus Dryopteris with a focus on taxa in sub-Saharan Africa and neighboring islands. In general, little is known about the relationships between African fern species and their congeners in other geographic regio...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1600392
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pedilanthus coalcomanensis was described from specimens collected by George B. Hinton in 1941 but was not collected again until 1999, when we found it in a tropical deciduous forest near Tehuantepec, in Chinicuila, Michoacán, Mexico. After analyzing Hinton's original collection notes, we concluded that this is the typ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.89.9.1485
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE:Although polyploidy has been studied since the early 1900s, fundamental aspects of polyploid ecology and evolution remain unexplored. In particular, surprisingly little is known about how newly formed polyploids (neopolyploids) become demographically established. Models predict that most polyploids should go ex...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1466
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pinus rzedowskii is an endangered pine species from Michoacán (central México), which has been previously reported from only three localities. Classified within the subgenus Strobus, it exhibits intermediate morphological characters between subgenera Strobus and Pinus. We analyzed genetic aspects that could shed light...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perennial crops represent important fresh and processed food sources worldwide, but advancements in breeding perennials are often impeded due to their very nature. The perennial crops we rely on most for food take several years to reach production maturity and require large spaces to grow, which make breeding new cult...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1400143
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The evolutionary shift from radial to bilateral symmetry in flowers is generally associated with the evolution of low flower-size variation. This phenomenon supports the hypothesis that the lower size variation in bilateral flowers can be attributed to low pollinator diversity. In this study, we pr...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1500371
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Astragalus sect. Humillimi is distributed across the southwestern United States and contains two endangered taxa, A. cremnophylax var. cremnophylax and A. humillimus. The former was originally described from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. Analysis of individuals discovered on the North Rim of t...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1157
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between near-infrared reflectance at 800 nm (NIRR) from leaves and characteristics of leaf structure known to affect photosynthesis was investigated in 48 species of alpine angiosperms. This wavelength was selected to discriminate the effects of leaf structure vs. chemical or water content on leaf ref...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pitchers of the tropical carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata are highly specialized organs for the attraction and capture of insects and absorption of nutrients from them. This study examined the structure and development of these pitchers, with particular focus on the nectaries and digestive glands. Immature pitche...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Population genetic structuring over limited timescales is commonly viewed as a consequence of spatial constraints. Indirect approaches have recently revealed reproductive isolation resulting from flowering time (so-called isolation by time, IBT). Since phenological processes can be subject to selec...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200147
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE:Distylous species possess two floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers that is hypothesized to promote disassortative pollination. Theoretical models predict equal morph frequencies, but many populations depart from the expected 1:1 ratio, a pattern that often correlates with asymmetric ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1478
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed the effects of temporal variation in floral display size (number of flowers open at one time on a plant) on the rate of pollen removed and receipt of individual flowers for the sequential blooming plant Narthecium asiaticum (Liliaceae). Because of the acropetal blooming of this species, the display sizes w...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.89.3.441
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Elucidating the factors that determine the abundance and distribution of species remains a central goal of ecology. It is well recognized that genetic differences among individual species can affect the distribution and species interactions of dependent taxa, but the ecological effects of genetic d...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100137
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant tropisms play a fundamental role in shaping the growth form of plants, and these fascinating movements are the focus of this thematic issue of the American Journal of Botany. The issue includes 16 reviews of the current literature and eight original manuscripts written by a diverse group of international experts...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type：
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200591
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scaling relationships among photosynthetic rate, foliar nutrient concentration, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) have been observed for a broad range of plants. Leaf traits of the carnivorous pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica, endemic to southern Oregon and northern California, USA, differ substantially from the...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.92.7.1085
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Nutrient resorption is essential for plant nutrient conservation. Large-bodied plants potentially have large nutrient sink pools and high nutrient flux. Whether and how nutrient resorption can be regulated by plant size and biomass allocation are yet unknown. METHODS:Using the herbaceous plant Ama...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1246
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Species differ in their temperature germination niche. Populations of a species may similarly differ across the distribution range of the species. Anticipating the impacts of climate variability and change requires understanding the differential sensitivity to germination temperature among and with...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1600278
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the southern Appalachian mountains a subcanopy species, Rhododendron maximum, inhibits the establishment and survival of canopy tree seedlings. One of the mechanisms by which seedlings could be inhibited is an allelopathic effect of decomposing litter or leachate from the canopy of R. maximum (R.m.) on seed germina...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paddy fields are one of the dominant anthropogenic sources of methane emission to the atmosphere, and the main passageway of methane from paddy soil is through the rice plant. However, the effect of aquatic weeds on methane emission from rice paddies has not been properly evaluated yet. Methane emission from weeded po...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:A knowledge of pollen characters in early-diverging angiosperm lineages is essential for understanding pollen evolution and the role of pollen in angiosperm diversification. In this paper, we report and synthesize data on mature pollen and pollen ontogeny from all genera of Nymphaeales within a com...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1500249
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pinus baileyi from the Paleogene of Idaho was initially related to the bristlecone pine P. longaeva (subgen. Strobus, sect. Parrya, subsect. Balfourianae) from western North America. Unlike the centromucronate condition in P. longaeva, P. baileyi cones have raised umbos that are excentromucronate, i.e., the mucro posi...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.93.2.197
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:• Premise of the study: Tropical forests are the most species-rich terrestrial communities on Earth, and understory trees and shrubs comprise a large fraction of their plant species diversity, especially at high rainfalls. The mechanisms responsible for generating such high levels of diversity remain unknown. One hypo...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1300460
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Size, allometry, and mechanical design were measured for trees of three canopy species in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. Mechanical design was expressed as the safety factor, using the elastic-stability model, and the wind resistance factor, using the constant-stress model. Changes with ontogeny were describ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular studies of apomictic plant species often detect more genotypic variation than predicted from their assumed reproductive mode. The two most commonly invoked mechanisms to explain these high levels of variation are recombination, via facultative sexuality, and mutation. The potential for sexual reproduction in...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.91.1.37
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is often suggested that traits will be integrated, either because of pleiotropy or because natural selection may favor suites of integrated traits. Plant responses to different environments can provide evidence of such integration. We grew Mercurialis annua plants in high-density stands in high irradiance, in neutr...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.89.9.1388
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Nicotiana attenuata, systemic induction of heat-shock proteins (Hsps) was detected in response to the treatment of single leaves by either heat shock, mechanical damage, or exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MJ). All treatments increased the abundance of members of the 70-kD Hsp (Hsp70) family and induced s...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:While the effect of abiotic factors on leaf herbivory is well known, the relative importance of abiotic conditions influencing both mutualists and antagonists is less well understood. Species interactions could enhance or reduce the direct effects of abiotic factors, depending on how mutualists and...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200460
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
