Abstract:
:Responses to proximate cues that directly affect fitness or cues directly released by selective agents are well-documented forms of phenotypic plasticity. For example, to reduce predation risk, prey change phenotype in response to light level (e.g., moon phase) when light affects predation risk from visual predators, and to chemical cues (kairomones) released by predators. Less well understood is the potential for organisms to perceive predation risk through "proxy cues": proximate cues that correlate with, but do not directly affect predation risk. Previous field studies indicate that body and spine length of an invasive cladoceran in Lake Michigan, Bythotrephes longimanus (the spiny water flea), increase during the growing season, coincident with a decrease in clutch size. Although the cause of seasonal trait changes is not known, changes are associated with warmer water temperature and increased predation risk from gape-limited fish (i.e., fish whose ability to consume Bythotrephes is limited by mouth size). Using a laboratory experiment, we found no effect of fish (Perca flavescens) kairomones on Bythotrephes morphology or life history. In contrast, higher water temperature led to longer absolute spine and body length, increased investment in morphological defense of offspring (measured as the ratio of spine-to-body length), and decreased clutch size and age at reproduction. These plastic responses are unlikely to be adaptive to temperature per se, but rather our findings indicate that temperature serves as a proxy cue of fish predation risk. Temperature correlates with risk of gape-limited fish predation due to growth of fish from larval stages incapable of consuming Bythotrephes early in the season, to larger sizes by midseason increasingly capable of consuming Bythotrephes, but limited by gape size to consuming smaller individuals. We argue that for Bythotrephes, temperature is a more reliable cue of predation risk than fish kairomones, because fish kairomones are present throughout the season due to continual presence of non-gape-limited adult fish, to which plastic response would have little effect. Organisms may, therefore, not only respond to changes in an environmental factor because the factor directly affects risk, but also when the environmental factor serves as a proxy signaling change in predation risk.
journal_name
Ecologyjournal_title
Ecologyauthors
Miehls AL,McAdam AG,Bourdeau PE,Peacor SDdoi
10.1890/12-2250.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-10-01 00:00:00pages
2237-48issue
10eissn
0012-9658issn
1939-9170journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ECOLOGY文献大全abstract::Models of two-patch predator-prey metacommunities are used to explore how the global predator population changes in response to additional mortality in one of the patches. This could describe the dynamics of a predator in an environment that includes a refuge area where that predator is protected and a spatially disti...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0011.1
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed dispersal fundamentally influences plant population and community dynamics but is difficult to quantify directly. Consequently, models are frequently used to describe the seed shadow (the seed deposition pattern of a plant population). For vertebrate-dispersed plants, animal behavior is known to influence seed sh...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3160:iabisd]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, desert drainages of the American southwest supported productive riverine wetlands (ciénegas). Region-wide erosion of ciénegas during the late 19th and early 20th century dramatically reduced the abundance of these ecosystems, but recent reestablishment of wetlands in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA, provide...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-0915.1
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate description of spatial distribution of species is essential for correctly modeling macroecological patterns and thus to infer mechanisms of species coexistence. The Poisson and negative binomial distribution (NBD) are most widely used to respectively model random and aggregated distributions of species in inf...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-2233.1
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecological drivers of soil biodiversity in the Southern Hemisphere remain underexplored. Here, in a continental survey comprising 647 sites, across 58 degrees of latitude between tropical Australia and Antarctica, we evaluated the major ecological patterns in soil biodiversity and relative abundance of ecological ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2137
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity and composition of local communities depends strongly on the pool of species that have been able to colonize that community from elsewhere. Typically this is thought to depend on a larger regional species pool that is subject to local environmental constraints that act as "filters." Often, however, colon...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2628
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lichens are reputedly slow growing and become unhealthy or die in response to supplements of the usual limiting resources, such as water and nitrogen. We found, however, that the tripartite cyanobacterial lichen Lobaria pulmonaria doubled in annual biomass growth after a single 20-minute immersion in a phosphorus solu...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0344.1
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirical and theoretical investigations of monocarpy have usually addressed the question of minimum or threshold sizes for reproduction. However, the range of flowering sizes observed in many monocarpic species is extraordinarily large (well beyond what can be called a "threshold"), and the sizes of flowering and non...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2755:apfrim]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Limestone tropical forests represent a meaningful fraction of the land area in Central America (25%) and Southeast Asia (40%). These ecosystems are marked by high biological diversity, CO2 uptake capacity, and high pH soils, the latter making them fundamentally different from the majority of lowland tropical forest ar...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1700
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predators play a key role in shaping natural ecosystems, and understanding the factors that influence a predator's kill rate is central to predicting predator-prey dynamics. While prey density has a well-established effect on predation, it is increasingly apparent that predator density also can critically influence pr...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1535.1
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although negative relationships between diversity (frequently measured as species richness) and invasibility at neighborhood or community scales have often been reported, realistic natural diversity gradients have rarely been studied at this scale. We recreated a naturally occurring gradient in species richness to tes...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0732.1
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumer-mediated nutrient supply is increasingly recognized as an important functional process in many ecosystems. Yet, experimentation at relevant spatial and temporal scales is needed to fully integrate this bottom-up pathway into ecosystem models. Artificial reefs provide a unique approach to explore the importanc...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1122.1
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elucidating how organismal survival depends on the environment is a core component of ecological and evolutionary research. To reconcile high-frequency covariates with lower-frequency demographic censuses, many statistical tools involve aggregating environmental conditions over long periods, potentially obscuring the ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2778
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population context should influence pollination success and selection on floral display in animal-pollinated plants because attraction of pollinators depends not only on the characteristics of individual plants, but also on the attractiveness of co-occurring conspecifics. The insect-pollinated herb Primula farinosa is...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2113:fiaihw]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant tolerance of herbivory, i.e., the ability to recover after damage, is an important component of how plants cope with herbivores. Tolerance has long been hypothesized to be constrained evolutionarily by plant resistance to herbivores, traits that allow plants to cope with stressful growing conditions, and traits ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1995
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term studies have revealed that the structure and dynamics of many tropical forests are changing, but the causes and consequences of these changes remain debated. To learn more about the forces driving changes within tropical forests, we investigated shifts in tree species composition over the past 25 years withi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0724.1
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global biodiversity decline has prompted great interest in the effects of habitat modification and diversity on the functioning and stability of ecosystem processes. However, the applicability of previous modeled or mesocosm community studies to real diverse communities in different habitats remains ambiguous. We expo...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3047:defaso]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutualisms are well known to influence individual fitness and the population dynamics of partner species, but little is known about whether they influence species distributions and the location of geographic range limits. Here, we examine the contribution of plant-pollinator interactions to the geographic range limit ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1462.1
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying the factors that destabilize communities is critical for predicting and mitigating the ecological impacts of environmental change. Although theory has shown that local ecosystem size and regional dispersal can determine biodiversity, less is known about the direct and indirect effects of these factors on c...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2992
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphisms play critical roles in allowing organisms to adapt to novel environments while enabling ecological speciation under divergent selection. Ambystoma maculatum, the spotted salamander, exhibits a unique polymorphism in the structure and appearance of its egg masses with two common morphs, white and clear. A...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1789
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insect mutualisms can have disproportionately large impacts on local arthropod and plant communities and their responses to climatic change. The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of insect mutualisms affects host plant and herbivore responses to warming. Using open-top warming chambers at Harvar...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0760.1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early environmental conditions can influence the pattern of growth and development. While poor conditions generally cause slower growth, normal adult size can still be reached if growth accelerates or is prolonged once conditions improve, but such catch-up growth may have deleterious effects later in life. Here we inv...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0890.1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil properties are well known to affect vegetation, but the role of soil heterogeneity in the patterning of vegetation dynamics is poorly documented. We asked whether the location of an ecotone separating grass-dominated and sparsely vegetated areas reflected only historical variation in degradation or was related to...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[963:shgpvd]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predators can impact ecosystems through consumptive or risk effects on prey. Physiologically, risk effects can be mediated by energetic mechanisms or stress responses. The predation-stress hypothesis predicts that risk induces stress in prey, which can affect survival and reproduction. However, empirical support for t...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2049
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic diversity, like species diversity, can have important consequences for communities and ecosystems. However, little is known about whether the effects of genetic diversity demonstrated in experimental assemblages are of sufficient strength to generate patterns in natural systems. We conducted a survey of eelgra...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-2030.1
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of predation may cascade down the food web. By alleviating interspecific competition among prey, predators may promote biodiversity, but the precise mechanisms of how predators alter competition have remained elusive. Here we report on a predator-exclosure experiment carried out in a tropical intertidal ecosys...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1282.1
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant species composition and diversity is often influenced by early life history stages; thus, global change could dramatically affect plant community structure by altering seed production. Unfortunately, plant reproductive responses to global change are rarely studied in field settings, making it difficult to assess...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-1351.1
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many young birds on the Arctic tundra are confronted by a challenging task: they must molt their feathers and accumulate fat stores for the autumn migration before climatic conditions deteriorate. Our understanding of the costs and constraints associated with these stages is extremely limited. We investigated post-juv...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-0696.1
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a lengthy debate on whether the abundance of adult reef fishes depends on prerecruitment or postrecruitment processes; however, we still do not have the ability to predict the magnitude of local fish recruitment. Here we show that the success of the leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) recruitment in ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/06-0857.1
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lianas (woody vines) are an important and dynamic component of many forests throughout the world, and increases in CO2, mean winter temperature, and forest fragmentation may promote their growth and proliferation in temperate forests. In this study, we used a 45-year data set to test the hypothesis that lianas have in...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2973:tdolat]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00