Abstract：
:The control of continuous polluting discharges in the U.K. was placed in a framework of statistically based legislation nearly 10 years ago. Both discharge standards and desired river quality class objectives are assessed within a probabilistic system of pollution control whereby a minimum level of 95 percent compliance with standards has to be achieved. The use of such a statistical framework permits occasional infringements of what would otherwise be fixed standards. This enables the Water Industry to manage river quality without undue risk of prosecution or unnecessary capital expenditure on effluent treatment.The change to a statistically based system has been a slow process carried out in stages: from the introduction of a river quality classification; setting long term river quality objectives; then setting discharge consents to achieve these objectives; and finally monitoring compliance with the consents and objectives. Each of these stages has required the development of the necessary statistical tools for river quality planning and management. Due to the decentralised nature of the currently catchment-based Water Authorities, several different statistical approaches have been adopted. However, if, as is planned for the near future, river quality management is carried out by a national regulatory body, then some rationalisation of current methodologies will have to be undertaken.This paper introduces and examines current U.K. approaches to river quality management and pollution control. Particular emphasis is placed on the statistical modelling techniques used for consent setting and compliance testing. Some of the commonly used techniques are compared and evaluated. A description is presented of work that is underway to develop a framework for the establishment and assessment of intermittent pollution control criteria.
journal_name
Environ Monit Assessjournal_title
Environmental monitoring and assessmentauthors
Crabtree RW,Crockett CP,Ellis JCdoi
10.1007/BF00394227subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-11-01 00:00:00pages
149-64issue
2-3eissn
0167-6369issn
1573-2959journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Soils from different land use areas in Lahore City, Pakistan, were analyzed for concentrations of heavy metals-cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). One hundred one samples were randomly collected from six land use areas categorized as park, commercial, agricultural, residential, urban, and industri...
journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-015-4855-1
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-016-5562-2
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
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doi：10.1007/s10661-012-2882-8
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-006-9565-2
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-006-9521-1
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-011-2156-x
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-019-7902-5
更新日期：2019-10-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00394513
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
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更新日期：2018-09-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-018-6564-z
更新日期：2018-03-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-013-3086-6
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-011-2018-6
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:emas.0000031717.13972.27
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-009-0803-2
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-013-3103-9
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-018-6976-9
更新日期：2018-09-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-014-3949-5
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-007-0081-9
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-015-4463-0
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-012-3036-8
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-006-9490-4
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00400053
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-014-4053-6
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-017-6215-9
更新日期：2017-09-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-011-2332-z
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-009-1051-1
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-010-1635-9
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10661-010-1399-2
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1013881319390
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental monitoring and assessment
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1016136723584
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
