Abstract:
:The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) result from attenuation or loss of enzyme activities required for lysosomal degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. This review provides a summary of glycan biomarkers that have been used to characterize animal models of MPS, for diagnosis of patients, and for monitoring therapy based on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy. Recent advances have focused on the non-reducing terminus of the glycosaminoglycans that accumulate as biomarkers, using a combination of enzymatic digestion with bacterial enzymes followed by quantitative liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. These new methods provide a simple, rapid diagnostic strategy that can be applied to samples of urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, cultured cells and dried blood spots from newborn infants. Analysis of the non-reducing end glycans provides a method for monitoring enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapies and serves as a discovery tool for uncovering novel biomarkers and new forms of mucopolysaccharidoses.
journal_name
Mol Genet Metabjournal_title
Molecular genetics and metabolismauthors
Lawrence R,Brown JR,Lorey F,Dickson PI,Crawford BE,Esko JDdoi
10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.07.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-02-01 00:00:00pages
73-83issue
2eissn
1096-7192issn
1096-7206pii
S1096-7192(13)00264-3journal_volume
111pub_type
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