Abstract:
:Neuropathic pain is a persistent pain condition that develops secondary to nerve injury. The two most common types of peripheral neuropathic pain are post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine and imipramine are TCAs that have been shown to be effective for the symptomatic relief of PHN and PDN. Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine and duloxetine have been shown to be very promising for the treatment of PDN with fewer adverse effects than TCAs. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were shown in a number of studies to have some efficacy in relieving PDN-related pain, yet other studies of the SSRIs have demonstrated conflicting outcomes. Most of the older antiepileptic studies were performed in patients with PDN; consequently, little is known about the efficacy of these drugs in patients with PHN. Carbamazepine, phenytoin and valproic acid were shown to be effective in ameliorating PDN-related pain. Other antiepileptic agents, including lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and topiramate, have demonstrated some beneficial effects for the treatment of PDN, although they were also found to be ineffective in some PDN studies. alpha2delta Ligands such as gabapentin and pregabalin have been proven to be effective for the treatment of PHN and PDN in a number of large placebo-controlled trials. These drugs are useful not only in relieving pain but also in improving quality of life. Although the use of opioids for the treatment of neuropathic pain is controversial, a number of studies support the efficacy and safety of opioids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Of these, oxycodone and tramadol have been shown to be superior to placebo for the treatment of PHN and PDN. A number of small studies have shown that dextromethorphan was effective in patients with PDN but not in patients with PHN. Topical agents such as lidocaine 5% patches and topical capsaicin are useful in ameliorating pain in patients with PHN but these agents are unsatisfactory for use as a sole agent. Although a number of drug treatments are available for the symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain symptoms, these agents do not provide satisfactory relief in all patients. For these patients, other treatment alternatives such as combination drug therapy that produces pain relief via distinctly different mechanisms may be successful. The purpose of this review is to compare the efficacy and limitations of currently available pharmacological treatments for the symptomatic relief of PHN and PDN, and to discuss the potential of combination therapy in PHN and PDN.
journal_name
CNS Drugsjournal_title
CNS drugsauthors
Zin CS,Nissen LM,Smith MT,O'Callaghan JP,Moore BJdoi
10.2165/00023210-200822050-00005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
417-42issue
5eissn
1172-7047issn
1179-1934pii
2255journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
CNS DRUGS文献大全abstract::Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in several plants. Despite its initial use as a pharmacologically inactive emulsifier in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, several biological activities have been reported for this compound so far, including anti-tumoural, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective and...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0474-4
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::New formulations of stimulant medications for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been an important focus for pharmaceutical industry research and development over the past decade. In this article, we review and assess the therapeutic potential of five new stimulant formulations (one ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200418140-00005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder most commonly caused by a deletion or mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, which leads to insufficient levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. In such patients, SMN protein production relies on the SMN2 gene. Nusi...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0545-1
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Valproic acid is a versatile antiepileptic drug that is often used in the acute care setting. Intravenous valproic acid lends itself well to a continuous infusion as it exhibits a relatively short half-life. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of continuous infusion valproic acid in hos...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0304-5
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing the risk of stroke in persons with migraine is complicated by the intricate relationship between these two conditions. Both migraine and stroke are common and co-morbidity may, in some cases, be coincidental. Given the overlap of clinical symptoms in stroke and migraine, each condition may also mimic the oth...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200519080-00004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risperidone (Risperdal), a psychotropic atypical antipsychotic agent, is thought to act via dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism. The clinical efficacy of oral risperidone in the treatment of bipolar mania and schizophrenia in adult patients is well established. In the US, risperidone is also appro...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200822030-00006
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders. It involves the induction of a seizure for therapeutic purposes by the administration of a variable-frequency electrical stimulus via electrodes applied to the scalp. The original application of ECT in non-anaesthetised patients ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200519090-00002
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a long-term psychiatric disorder that impacts important mental functions and requires indefinite treatment, as well as psychosocial and economic support. The introduction of chlorpromazine, the first antipsychotic, and the subsequent development of a long list of similar dopamine-blocking antipsychoti...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0588-3
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aripiprazole (Abilify(®)) is an atypical antipsychotic that is widely used in the treatment of psychiatric conditions. Unlike other currently available atypical antipsychotics that primarily have varying degrees of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism, aripiprazole is a partial agonist at D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors,...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0134-2
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous in vitro and in vivo experimental animal studies have demonstrated that gangliosides, particularly GMI ganglioside (siagoside), may stimulate or accelerate the repair of peripheral and central nervous system neurons after various types of damage. Clinical studies of GMl in peripheral neuropathies and stroke, ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-199401030-00006
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much work has been carried out in recent years showing that elevated glutamate levels in the extracellular environment of the central nervous system play a pivotal role in neurodegeneration in acute CNS injuries. With the elucidation of the mechanism governing glutamate excitotoxicity, researchers are devising therape...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0225-3
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregabalin, the pharmacologically active S-enantiomer of 3-aminomethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid, possesses anticonvulsant activity. Pregabalin binds with high affinity and specificity to voltage-gated calcium channel alpha(2)-delta proteins. The putative mechanism of action of the drug is reduced excitatory neurotransmit...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200519030-00007
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Many authors have reported discontinuation symptoms associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of the discontinuation syndrome in patients who stopped treatment with the SSRIs paroxetine and fluoxetine under the u...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200216040-00006
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal, Timox) is structurally related to carbamazepine and has anticonvulsant activity. Studies suggest that the anticonvulsant activity of oxcarbazepine is mediated via the blocking of neuronal ion channels. In patients aged <18 years, the efficacy of oxcarbazepine monotherapy was similar to that o...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200418010-00006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that has a broad spectrum of antiseizure effects, which appear to be the result of several neurostabilising pharmacological mechanisms. These include blockade of ion channels, potentiation of GABA neuroinhibition and glutamate receptor antagonism at non-NMDA receptors, as well as mi...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200317130-00007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been significant developments in the understanding of depression in children and adolescents in the past few years, including an increased recognition that significant depressive illness occurs in this patient group. Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments are used to manage depression in children ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200620010-00001
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The use of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased dramatically in the past decade in some countries in Europe and North America. In response to a public debate in Israel, several Knesset members introduced a legislative initiative that aims to lim...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200317120-00005
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian rhythm of pineal melatonin secretion, which is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is reflective of mechanisms that are involved in the control of the sleep/wake cycle. Melatonin can influence sleep-promoting and sleep/wake rhythm-regulating actions through the specific activation of MT(1) (...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200721120-00004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Walking impairment is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). It affects > 90% of individuals over time, reducing independence and negatively impacting health-related quality of life, productivity, and daily activities. Walking impairment is consistently reported as one of the most distressing impairments by ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0586-5
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varenicline (Chantix, Champix) is an orally administered alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist that is indicated as an aid to smoking cessation. Varenicline was an effective aid to smoking cessation and was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, although more data are needed regarding the ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11204710-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biopharmaceuticals can induce antibodies, which interact with and neutralize the therapeutic effect of such drugs and are therefore termed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In the treatment of multiple sclerosis, NAbs against interferon (IFN)-beta and natalizumab have been recognized. The prevalence of NAbs against diff...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00023210-200923050-00003
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The molecules that provide access to activated T cells in the CNS, including chemokines, have been considered to be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). AIMS:In this study, we investigated serial serum chemokine levels in patients with relapsing-remitting MS over 1 year and the ass...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11595060-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tramadol-an atypical opioid analgesic-has a unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, with opioidergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic actions. Tramadol has long been used as a well-tolerated alternative to other drugs in moderate pain because of its opioidergic and monoaminergic activities. However, cumula...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-019-00623-5
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Haemorrheological parameters and endothelial function are known to be altered in vascular diseases, including stroke. Treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ('statins') improves cerebrovascular (and cardiovascular) morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerosis; the beneficial ...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200418030-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to linger. Decisions regarding initiation or continuation of disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis have to consider the potential relevance to the pandemic. Understanding the mechanism of action and the possible idiosyncratic effects of each therapeutic a...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00756-y
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No head-to-head clinical trials have been published comparing guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX): two nonstimulants approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, other study designs or methods could be used to indirectly compare these two medicat...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0102-x
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The introduction of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) over the past 2 decades generated considerable optimism that better antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were possible. SGAs offer several tolerability benefits over first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), particularly wit...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2165/11634500-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing drug delivery methods have not led to a significant increase in survival for patients with malignant primary brain tumors. While the combination of conventional therapies consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy has improved survival for some types of brain tumors (e.g., WNT medulloblastoma), oth...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00766-w
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:When otherwise unexplained, syncope in patients with Alzheimer's disease may be attributed to bradycardia caused by cholinesterase inhibitors. We studied prospectively the clinical events and cardiovascular changes occurring during treatment with donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS:Conse...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00023210-200620050-00005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple stimulant and non-stimulant medications are approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Choosing among the available agents and determining the most effective ADHD medication for a given child can be a time-co...
journal_title:CNS drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00702-y
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00