Abstract:
:Gross and radiographic changes characteristic of inadequate bone mineralization due to rickets are described in 21 immature skeletons from a 19th century urban population from Birmingham, England. The aims of the study are as follows: to evaluate and if possible augment existing dry-bone criteria for the recognition of rickets in immature skeletal remains; to investigate the value of radiography for the paleopathological diagnosis of rickets; and to compare and contrast the expression of rickets in this group with that previously documented for a rural agrarian population from Wharram Percy, England. Some gross skeletal signs of rickets which were not previously well-documented in paleopathological studies are noted. The worth of radiography for evaluating structural changes to both cortical and trabecular bone in the disease is demonstrated, and features useful for the interpretation of vitamin D deficiency are discussed. The pattern of skeletal elements affected and the severity of changes differs in the Birmingham group from that seen in the comparative rural population. It is emphasized that a variety of factors may influence the expression of rickets in paleopathological material, including rate of skeletal growth, age cohort affected, and intensity of vitamin D deficiency. Nevertheless, careful analysis, not only of the frequency of rickets but also of the degree of severity of lesions and the patterning with respect to skeletal elements affected, may enable more nuanced understanding of the biocultural context of the disease in earlier populations.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Mays S,Brickley M,Ives Rdoi
10.1002/ajpa.20292subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-01 00:00:00pages
362-74issue
3eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
129pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Multivariate analyses, supplemented by univariate statistical methods, of measurements from mandibular tooth crown dimensions and the mandible of Gigantopithecus blacki, G. bilaspurensis, Plio-Plelstocene hominids, Homo erectus, and seven Neogene ape species from the genera Proconsul, Sivapithecus, Ouranopithecus, and...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330530410
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines humeral cross-sectional properties in two different samples of later medieval date: a group of blade-injured males from the sites of Towton, North Yorkshire, and Fishergate in the City of York, England, and a comparative group of nonblade-injured males also from the site of Fishergate in York. CT i...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20147
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The tool-assisted extractive foraging capabilities of captive (zoo) and semi-captive (sanctuary) bonobo (Pan paniscus) groups were compared to each other and to those known in wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The bonobos were provided with natural raw materials and challenge...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22778
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of the present study are to 1) determine and describe levels of dental fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in a highly endogamous human group; 2) evaluate the effects of various FA measures on perceived FA levels and their interrelationships; 3) study the connections between dental variables (tooth size, class, positi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330910308
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors involved in the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the largely Melanesian population (N = 909) of Graciosa Bay, Ndeni, are examined. Based upon cultural information from Ndeni and ways in which HBV is spread in other populations, certain practices and interactions, predicted as effective routes of HBV infect...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330640306
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in long bone cross-sectional geometry can be given a more precise functional interpretation using engineering beam theory. However, difficulties in measurement technique have generally prevented studies of large samples of cross sections in this way. In the present study, an automated system utilizing an ele...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330600308
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two sequences of nucleotides are homologous if they are descended through a chain of replication from a common precursor molecule. Since organs are not copies or transcriptions of organs, the concept of morphological homology has no such simple and unambiguous definition. The theoretical vagueness of morphological hom...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330940109
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines social and environmental influences on the development of hypertension in a sample of 568 adults (290 men; 278 women) aged 20 years and older from Dakar, Senegal. We test the hypothesis that more recent immigrants to the city of Dakar will have lower blood pressure and lower rates of hypertension...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22122
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the relatively large size of anthropoid incisors in relation to the remainder of the dental arcade, and their prominent role in the preprocessing of food prior to ingestion, comparatively little is known about the functional morphology of anthropoid incisor shape and crown curvature. The relationship between i...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21598
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Callitrichids use their tongue in various social, ecological, and hygienic contexts. Using a noninvasive measuring device, we obtained data on the operational tongue length (OTL) in seven species from the family Callitrichidae. OTL (defined as the maximum tongue extension into the device) varied significantly between ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21038
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen morphologic crown traits were observed in a sample of 1528 Pima Indians of south-central Arizona. Pima dentitions are characterized by high frequencies of shoveling, incisor winging, the hypocone, the lower canine distal accessory ridge, cusp 6, and the protostylid. They exhibit low frequencies of the metacon...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330610103
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. We reexamined previous claims that the Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b (E-M293) was brought to southern Africa by pastoralists from eastern Africa, and investigated patterns of sex-biased gene fl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23694
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary trends and population history and structure are discussed for a series of late prehistoric and historic-period skeletal samples from the Georgia coast and interior (the Guale). Phenotypic dental measurement data were collected for nine samples from the late prehistoric (AD 1200-1400) and historic (AD 1608...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10320
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model is developed that treats migration rates among populations as a function of the geographic distance between them and the size of both sources and recipient population. Specifically, mij/mjj = a(Ni/Nj)pe-bd, where mij/mjj is the relative migration rate into population j from population i, Ni is the size of the ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330890407
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Differences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex-specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24034
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Human walking involves out-of-phase axial rotations of the thorax and pelvis. It has long been believed that this rotational capability is a distinctive feature of the genus Homo. However, Thompson et al. (2015) showed that chimpanzees also counter-rotate their thorax relative to the pelvis during bipedal wa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24136
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skin coloration in indigenous peoples is strongly related to levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In this study, the relationships of skin reflectance to seasonal UVR levels and other environmental variables were investigated, with the aim of determining which variables contributed most significantly to skin reflect...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10263
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of physical anthropology in precollegiate education has been limited, but has the potential to play a vital and integral role in promoting students' understanding of themselves and others. This study describes the development, implementation, and results of a program constructed on an inquiry-based learning m...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20350
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Sexual dimorphism is an important biological factor underlying morphological variation in the human skeleton. Previous research found sex-related differences in the static ribcage, with males having more horizontally oriented ribs and a wider lower ribcage than females. Furthermore, a recent study found sex-...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23829
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new optical device Lipometer allows noninvasive, quick, and safe determination of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) layers (in mm) at any site of the human body. The specification of 15 evenly distributed body sites enables the precise measurement of subcutaneous body fat distribution, so-called s...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1056
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::New insights may be gleaned by taking an ontogenetic approach to investigations of adult dimorphism. Previous work in this area relied on traditional, caliper-based, morphometric methods, and produced conflicting results. This study uses a three-dimensional (3-D) approach for both local and global form comparisons of ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10178
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rise of two sub-specialties in Physical Antrhopology traces back to the Anatomy Departments of Schools of Medicine in Germany and France during the nineteenth century. The study of human diversity in bones and bodies was largely by medically-trained anatomists. There developed Medical Antropology and Dental Anthro...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330450317
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large body size has been traditionally seen as the primary dietary adaptation of gorillas, facilitating their consumption of fibrous foods (Schaller ¿1963 The Mountain Gorilla; Watts ¿1990 Int. J. Primatol. 11:21-45). Nevertheless, recent research has emphasized frugivory among western lowland gorillas, as well as the...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(2000)112:2<171::AID-AJPA4>
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the mechanical features of cortical bone and their changes with growth and adaptation to function plays an important role in our ability to interpret the morphology and evolution of craniofacial skeletons. We assessed the elastic properties of cortical bone of juvenile and adult baboon mandibles using ul...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21170
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The archaeological evidence of ancient cranial surgery is limited to cases of trepanation and cauterization. I report here on the only known case of cranial surgery in direct association with the osseous image of a non-trauma-induced soft tissue lesion (sinus pericranii). This case, from Alameda County, California (La...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330980209
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal reproductive investment includes both the energetic costs of gestation and lactation. For most humans, the metabolic costs of lactation will exceed those of gestation. Mothers must balance reproductive investment in any single offspring against future reproductive potential. Among mammals broadly, mothers may...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22346
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test is sometimes used to test seasonality in births or other annually cyclic phenomena. However, it is shown that the maximum deviation from expected (D) may differ by a factor of almost two if the cycle is initiated in different months. Thus, different results are possible from the ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330680310
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Here we describe the case of an ectopic maxillary third molar (M3 ), preventing the eruption of the M2 , in the individual H3 of the hominin hypodigm of level TD6.2 of the Early Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). MATERIALS AND METHODS:The fossil remains from the TD6.2 level of the...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24010
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Body size (stature and mass) estimates are integral to understanding the lifeways of past populations.Body size estimation of an archaeological skeletal sample can be problematic when the body size or proportions of the population are distinctive. One such population is that of the Holocene Later Stone Age (LSA) of so...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21127
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Principal components analysis was used to quantify the variability in crown outlines of maxillary molars in Australian Aboriginals. The outlines were measured by 36 radii from the central pit to the crown periphery. The first component, responsible for over half of the total variance, was concerned with general crown ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330820306
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00