Abstract：
:In summary, the GMFCS has had, and continues to have, a major effect on the health care of children with CP. The number of citations of the GMFCS has been increasing every year, and the classification system has had good uptake internationally and across the spectrum of health professionals for use in research design and clinical practice by providing a system for clearly communicating about children's gross motor function. The utility of diagnostic labels such as diplegia has been questioned. However, although by definition CP is a disorder of posture and movement, the movement disability is often only one of the neurodevelopmental problems for many children with CP. When a complete description of a child's clinical presentation is required we recommend that the GMFCS be used together with the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe classification indicating the type and topography of movement impairment. When appropriate the clinical profile will similarly be enhanced with details of other impairments and disabilities such as epilepsy or sensory, learning, feeding, or emotional disturbance. The observations in this annotation are constrained by the amount of information in the public domain. Although these sources adequately represent the effect of the GMFCS on research design, they are less likely to inform us of how the GMFCS is being used in administration, clinical practice, or education. It is not yet clear whether information is being used for these purposes or in assisting with case load management, as intended by the developers. By its localized nature, such information might remain difficult to gauge. We would therefore be interested to hear from others who are using the system for these or any other purposes.
journal_name
Dev Med Child Neuroljournal_title
Developmental medicine and child neurologyauthors
Morris C,Bartlett Ddoi
10.1017/s0012162204000118subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
60-5issue
1eissn
0012-1622issn
1469-8749journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The oxygen consumption of 15 myelodysplastic children during walking and propelling a wheelchair was studied. In comparison to normal children, they walked more slower and consumed more oxygen per meter, but had a similar rate of oxygen consumption. A swing-through gait pattern was 33 per cent more energy-efficient th...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1983.tb13821.x
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain frequency and its association with participation, function, and health-related quality of life were evaluated in a sample of 198 children (58% male; mean age 10 years 7 months, SD 3 years 11 months; range 5 to 18 years) with moderate to severe cerebral palsy (CP). Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMF...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1017/s0012162204000507
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors used the Teller acuity cards to assess the visual acuity of 51 infants and children with Down syndrome aged between two months and 18 years. The success rate and test times were comparable to those reported for normally developing children. Even those subjects in the study who were free of ocular disorders...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11895.x
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lasting socio-emotional behaviour difficulties are common among children who have suffered brain injuries. A proportion of difficulties may be attributed to impaired cognitive and/or executive skills after injury. A recent and rapidly accruing body of literature indicates that deficits in recognizing and responding to...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03219.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To estimate the impact of dynamic motor control on treatment outcomes in children with cerebral palsy. METHOD:We used multiple regression on a retrospective cohort of 473 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy who underwent conservative treatment, single-level orthopaedic surgery, single-event multi-level orthopa...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/dmcn.13126
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Associated movements in the contralateral limbs were measured quantitatively for 42 seven- to eight-year-old children who wrote with the right hand. Associated movements of the contralateral homologous muscles systematically increased as a function of the intensity of contraction of the active hand. The associated mov...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1986.tb03856.x
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper considers whether pathological influences affect hand-preference among children with epilepsy or mental retardation, for whom there is no evidence of gross motor defect. Data on two tasks of manual skill were analysed for a group of over 12,000 children. The predicted association between poor skill with the...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1984.tb04434.x
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixty-nine very-low-birthweight infants out of a population of 923 had cerebral palsy (CP) at an 18-month follow-up. Thirty-nine of these had cranial ultrasound abnormalities in the neonatal period and 30 had normal cranial ultrasounds. The distribution of subtypes of CP differed markedly between the two groups, with ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0012162200000670
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unusual presentation of biotinidase deficiency is described. The disorder classically presents in infancy or early childhood with intractable seizures, hypotonia, ataxia, hearing loss, dermatitis, and alopecia. A 5-year-old girl developed acute visual loss associated with optic atrophy, and disturbance of gait with...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07552.x
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to investigate flexor hypertonia of the extremities in newborns, a neurological examination and superficial electromyogram (EMG) recordings were carried out on 50 full-term infants both before and after the first 48 hours of life (the 'birth-shock period). EMG amplituds on the flexor side of the upper arm in ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1975.tb03495.x
更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To give evidence-based recommendations on the application of ketogenic diet parenteral nutrition (KD-PN) in emergency situations. METHOD:An international group of experts (n=14) researched the literature and distributed a survey among 150 expert centers. International accepted guidelines (European Society for Clin...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/dmcn.14306
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report two sisters with extensive bilateral periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) causing cerebral palsy (CP). The older sister presented at 20 months with cortical visual blindness, spastic diplegia, and purpura fulminans. The younger sister presented aged 3 days old with apnoeas and multifocal seizures. ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03618.x
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the effectiveness of relaxation training in the treatment of paediatric migraine. Relaxation training was compared with-two control groups (psychological placebo and 'own best efforts') in a total of 99 children and adolescents with frequent migraine. Daily recording ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1988.tb04800.x
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:In female children with drug-resistant seizures and developmental delay from birth, atypical Rett syndrome caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene should be considered. Several clinical features resemble classic Rett syndrome. Respiratory and sleep abnormalities are frequently present in Rett syndrome, whereas little...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04432.x
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare neurophysiological parameters of central nervous system excitability in healthy children/adolescents with those of healthy adults. METHOD:Two experimental protocols were used in 19 healthy children/adolescents (10 males and 9 females, mean age 9y 11mo [SD 2y 9mo], range 5-15y) and 19 healthy adults (8 m...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/dmcn.13072
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis with cancellous bone graft and internal fixation was performed on 20 feet of 12 children with myelomeningocele, whose average age at operation was 7.4 years. Indication for surgery was progressive hindfoot valgus deformity causing difficulty in fitting orthoses. At average follow-u...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1991.tb05112.x
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parental report may provide an inexpensive alternative to standardized assessments of children's development. We have adapted and validated a parental questionnaire on cognitive development for use with very preterm infants. Sixty-four 2-year-olds (28 males, 36 females) born less than 30 weeks' gestation (median 28.5 ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0012162204000635
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To explore associations between clinical variables and decline in motor capacity in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD:Participants included 76 males and 59 females, whose mean age at the beginning of the study was 14 years 6 months (SD 2.4, range 11.6-17.9); 51 at Gross Motor Function Classification Sys...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03632.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four infants developed dyskinesia after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery three to four days postoperatively. The dyskinesia was choreoathetotic, and involved mainly the mouth, tongue and face. It was absent during sleep. Three of these infants improved over periods of several weeks, but one infant remained dyskinetic on...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11701.x
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fourteen children with hydrocephalus associated with myelodysplasia were given isosorbide (8 to 12 g/kg/day) and compared with 17 children managed without it. Three of the treated and three of the untreated children did not require shunting. The mean interval between back closure and shunt placement was 33 days for th...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1992.tb14981.x
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:New tools that capture hand function in everyday activities and contexts are needed for assessing children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. This study evaluates a wearable wrist monitor and tests the hypothesis that wrist extension frequency (FreqE) is an appropriate indicator of functional hand use. METHOD:Fifteen...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04078.x
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following the observation that many children with kwashiorkor had a deprived look in their eyes, the guardians of 107 children with kwashiorkor and 111 controls were interviewed about their home life, in a survey made at New Mulago Hospital, Kampala, between 1969 and 1972. A child's age, sex and tribe were found to ha...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1979.tb01630.x
更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors report the results of two EEG studies on adult patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) who had been treated early. Part I: the authors followed the EEGs of 34 PKU patients from birth to age 21. The frequency of abnormal EEG findings (especially epileptiform activity) steadily increased until age 12, then decre...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11552.x
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neonatal predictors of microcephaly, defined as a head circumference <5th centile in children born preterm, has not been systematically assessed. Children were drawn from the Developmental Epidemiology Network (DEN) cohort of very low-birthweight children (VLBW: 500-1500g) born from 1991 to 1993 at three sites in ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0012162203001488
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On follow-up at 12 years to assess the relationship between minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and primary nocturnal enuresis (NE), the frequency of NE was found to be significantly higher in children with MND (N = 167) than in those who were neurologically normal (N = 174). There was no relationship between NE and ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14904.x
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the development and preliminary psychometric testing of the Daily Activities of Infants Scale (DAIS), a parent-completed measure of opportunities parents provide infants for development of postural control and movement. First we obtained 1300 photographs of typical activities from 17 families with infants ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03007.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Equinus in hemiplegic children is multifactorial. In some cases it is due to a short muscle, in others to simple foot-drop, tonic spasticity, rigidity, compensation for a short limb, fixed flexion contracture at the hip, dominantly inherited forefoot deformity, forefoot equinus secondary to chronic toe-walking, or abn...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14825.x
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim of the study was to develop an ecologically valid synthesis of the evidence underpinning interventions for children with speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN), integrating a range of different data sources. METHOD:Three sources of information were integrated: the Cochrane Review of interventions...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/dmcn.12630
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monozygotic twin boys with fragile X syndrome underwent thorough genetic, psychiatric, neurological, and language evaluations at 10 years of age. They both demonstrated physical features, speech and language difficulties, social problems, and attentional deficits that characterize the behavioural phenotype of fragile ...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0012162200001420
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To assess outcome for children with severe neurological impairment receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. METHOD:Medical charts for all such children treated in our intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2003 and July 2008 were reviewed. Outcomes were compared with those for children...
journal_title：Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03582.x
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
