Mendel and modern genetics: the legacy for today.

abstract：:Computer climate models are some of the most complex scientific structures ever conceived. Consisting of hundreds of thousands of equations and running on supercomputers capable of trillions of operations per second, they chart the evolution of past and future climates across thousands of years. These simulations are ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Greene MT

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The story of discovery of artemisinin highlights the diversity of scientific values across time and space. Resituating artemisinin research within a broader temporal framework allows us to understand how Chinese drugs like qinghao came to articulate a space for scientific experimentation and innovation through its emb...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Fu JC

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA molecule is a familiar object. It is often depicted in magazines and advertisements as a double helix, with the letters of the genetic code strung along the two spiral backbones and joined together in pairs. In such pictures the molecule is usually shown as straight; yet in the chromosomes of living organisms,...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： el Hassan MA,Calladine CR

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1920, the German botanist Hans Winkler coined the concept of the 'genome'. This paper explores the history of a concept that has developed in parallel with advances in biology and supports novel and powerful heuristic biological research in the 21st century. From a structural interpretation (the genome as the haplo...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Noguera-Solano R,Ruiz-Gutierrez R,Rodriguez-Caso JM

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An astute diplomat, Alessandro Volta secured the patronage of Napoleon Bonaparte to promote his rise to fame as an electrical expert. Reciprocally, politicians helped their own causes by presenting him as a national as well as a scientific figurehead. ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Fara P

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identity of x-rays was initially mysterious, their connotations including morbidity and the otherworldly. Gradually they became routine, finding a place in the high-energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radiologists established a niche in hospitals, contributing to the industrialization of healthcare. Contro...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Hessenbruch A

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fossil hunter Mary Anning began collecting her 'curiosities' at a time when the age and nature of these relics from the past were little understood. Her spectacular discoveries of prehistoric marine reptiles, fossilized fish and a pterosaur touched off a geology-mania around the world. Two documents that have esca...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Goodhue TW

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When you hear the phrase 'chemistry set', what is the first image that pops into your head? Is it one of a mad scientist in a dark laboratory full of pieces of glassware bubbling over? Is it your high school or college chemistry lab? For many, the phrase evokes a time of exploration and experimentation, a time where a...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： DiVernieri R

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1955, a paradigm shift in the conception of sex is said to have taken place, when psychologist John Money at Johns Hopkins's Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic argued that 'hermaphroditic' children could be assigned a sex contradictory to their biological sex. Rather than being born male or female, he claimed, these ch...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Eder S

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Penrose diagrams gave mid-twentieth century physicists studying General Relativity (GR) a new tool for understanding Einstein's theory of gravity. Starting in 1962 they allowed new understandings and conceptualizations of the mathematical objects of theoretical physics. One origin of the diagrams is found in Roger Pen...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Wright AS

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In November 1843 John Cassidy, curator in the Belfast Museum received, perhaps rather dolefully, a collection of bird skins. The Museum was barely managing to cope with the constant flow of donations from the 'four quarters of the globe'. But the gift of bird skins could not be ignored. Sent by Captain Francis Crozier...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Finnegan DA

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientific racism was widely used as a justification to oppose race-mixing in the United States. Historians have justly criticized this abuse of science, but have overlooked some of the important ways in which science was used in the 1930s and 1940s to overturn scientific racism and opposition to race-mixing. Of parti...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Farber P

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-organization whereby developing organisms generate the patterns and spatial relationships of their parts has not been explained on any generally accepted theoretical basis. There is a wide gulf between physical scientists and experimental biologists in their expectations of the kind of theory that is best to ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Harrison LG

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the lecture following the award of his Nobel Prize for Peace in 1970 the eminent agronomist Norman Borlaug remarked: 'If you desire peace, cultivate justice but at the same time cultivate the fields to produce more bread'. This is as true now as it was then. This article analyses trends in the relationship between ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Gilland B

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the causes of cancer remains a major area of uncertainty, and many serious proposals have been made from a variety of standpoints over the years. This article discusses the first genetic hypothesis from the turn of the century and two other totally different early approaches to the problem. ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Manchester K

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organization and evolution of insect societies has amazed natural historians since Aristotle. Charles Darwin considered social insects to be a major difficulty for his theory of evolution by natural selection because they demonstrate a rich diversity of adaptation among sterile workers leading to a complex divisio...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Page RE Jr

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this article is to take into account the functioning of representational cognitive tools, and in particular of notations and visualizations in mathematics. In order to explain their functioning, formulas in algebra and logic and diagrams in topology will be presented as case studies and the notion of ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Giardino V

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemistry began as an identifiable, separate discipline at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article traces its early development, focusing on three pioneers--Eduard Buchner, Arthur Croft Hill and Arthur Harden. ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Manchester KL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals engage in a startlingly diverse array of behaviours that depend critically on the time of day or the ability to time short intervals. Timing intervals on the scale of many hours to around a day is mediated by the circadian timing system, while in the range of seconds to hours a different system, known as inter...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Hinton SC,Meck WH

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the early twentieth century, mothers began to turn towards scientific infant-feeding formulae as an alternative to breastfeeding their babies. This is strange because the benefits of breastfeeding were widely recognised. The extraordinary rise of the formula feed therefore demands a special explanation, one that in...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Bryder L

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How do scientists become famous? Carl Linnaeus was an expert at self-promotion who used portraits to gain patronage and consolidate his reputation. His sexualized classification system was hugely controversial, yet his successors celebrated him as a great hero of botany. ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Fara P

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the first conviction using fingerprints as evidence in 1902, the detection of fingerprints at crime scenes has become a key weapon in the identification and apprehension of criminals. Almost a century after Edward Henry published The Classification and Use of Fingerprints in 1898, a new magnetic flake technology...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Wilshire B

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Darwin returned to Shrewsbury in mid-June 1831 and spent that summer learning geology. He made geological maps of Shropshire and visited Llanymynech and other localities. From 3-20th August he joined Sedgwick on his tour of North Wales; they geologised west of Shrewsbury before travelling through Llangollen, Ruthin, C...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Roberts M

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stephen Jay Gould was a paleontologist and scientific celebrity at the close of the twentieth century, most famous for his popular writings on evolution and his role in the American creationist controversies of that era. In the early 1980s, Gould was drawn into the "nuclear winter" episode through his friendship with ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Sheldon M

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conrad Gessner is considered a major encyclopedist of the 16th century. His work is a benchmark in natural history studies. It is an enormous effort that covered the zoological information known until that century. In his publications, illustrations were a fundamental component that paralleled the textual narratives. ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Urbani B

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alfred Russel Wallace's role in prompting the original publication of "On the Origin of Species" is now generally acknowledged. Wallace is now widely recognised as 'Darwin's co-discoverer', but the role that he played in the development and promotion of Darwinism is more often overlooked. From the very beginning of th...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Elsdon-Baker F

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:British imperial expansion opened up new worlds for naturalists to collect and catalogue many species of plants and animals unknown in Europe. David Douglas' travels to the northwest region of North America in the 1820s exemplified, in many ways, the science of empire. Under the aegis of the Hudson's Bay Company, the ...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Schefke B

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term "street furniture" indicates objects mostly made of cast iron alloys and aimed to improve the quality of life in urban settlements, such as street lamps, fountains and gazebos. These objects are often ancient and relevant as cultural heritage. Despite the constant presence of street furniture in urban settlem...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Soffritti C,Calzolari L,Chicca M,Bassi Neri R,Neri A,Bazzocchi L,Garagnani GL

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the origin and evolution of vertebrate blood cells is conjectural and controversial, it is, nevertheless, of great interest, particularly to comparative immunologists seeking an underlying trend in the phylogenetic development of immunity. This review examines possible relationships between invertebrate and v...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Millar DA,Ratcliffe NA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In present-day pharmacology and medicine, it is usually taken for granted that cells contain a host of highly specific receptors. These are defined as proteins on or within the cell that bind with specificity to particular drugs, chemical messenger substances or hormones and mediate their effects on the body. However,...

journal_title：Endeavour

authors： Maehle AH

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00