Abstract：
:A committee was appointed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in 1981 to continue the orthopaedic workforce studies begun by D. Kay Clawson a decade earlier. The committee found that the rapid increase in orthopaedists graduating from residency programs between 1970 and 1982 had resulted in a workforce in which fully 1/2 of practicing orthopaedists certified by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery were younger than 45 years. At that time, orthopaedists graduated at the rate of 700 per year. If that rate continued and if nothing else changed, it was calculated that the number of practicing board-certified orthopaedists per 100,000 people in the United States would continue to increase for at least 20 more years. The effect of reducing resident output by 10% increments also was projected with the hope that this information might influence future planning. In fact, a 10% reduction in resident output was achieved and the current ratio of board-certified orthopaedists per 100,000 population is very close to that predicted. In addition, the 1981 orthopaedic workforce committee developed a map of the United States that showed the number of board-certified orthopaedists in each major zip code. This map was distributed to every allopathic residency program in the United States in the hope that displaying this map might encourage graduating residents to choose more underserved areas in which to begin their practices. Evidence obtained subsequently by interviewing candidates taking Part II of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery certifying examinations showed this map seemed to have had very little effect in correcting workforce maldistribution.
journal_name
Clin Orthop Relat Resjournal_title
Clinical orthopaedics and related researchauthors
Greer RB 3rddoi
10.1097/00003086-200104000-00013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
76-81issue
385eissn
0009-921Xissn
1528-1132pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Clonal cell lines of murine osteosarcomas were established and have been maintained in vitro for over a year. By implanting these cultured cells into mice, osteosarcomas, whose histological picutres were exactly the same as those of the original tumors, were easily reproduced. The cultured cells of murine osteosarcoma...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00003086-197511000-00026
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the nature of the alignment the joints of the lower extremity, any significant loss of alignment or function will place increased stress on the remaining joints. An ankle arthrodesis must be carefully aligned into slight valgus and neutral dorsiflexion, plantar flexion and the same degree of external rotati...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevention of medical and surgical harm remains an important public health problem despite increased awareness and implementation of safety programs. Successful introduction and maintenance of surgical safety programs require both surgeon leadership and collaborative surgeon-hospital alignment. Documenta...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-012-2719-3
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humerus fractures comprise 5% to 8% of all fractures. Nonunions are uncommon, but when they occur, they present a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon and often are debilitating to patients. There are risk factors that may predispose patients to nonunion. Many methods of treating these nonunions have been described wi...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00003086-200402000-00008
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A bolt-plate device for fixation of distal thoracic and proximal lumbar vertebral bodies has proved effective in a variety of surgical situations. The instrumentation is designed to obtain the optimum conditions for the healing of cancellous bone, namely, rigid immobilization and, if possible, close apposition of surf...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hip fractures in the elderly are followed by considerable risk of functional decline and mortality. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:The purposes of this study were to (1) explore predictive factors of functional level at discharge, (2) evaluate 1-year mortality after hip fracture compared with that of the general popula...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-013-2955-1
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign active or aggressive bone tumors that commonly arise in the long bones, especially the femur, tibia, and humerus and the posterior elements of the spine. Aneurysmal bone cysts affect all age groups but are more common before skeletal maturity (first two decades of life). They usually i...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-010-1228-5
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Periosteal osteosarcoma is a surface lesion without evidence of medullary involvement. This report extends the Mayo Clinic series of periosteal osteosarcoma cases from 11 to 22 cases. In a review of demographic information from our 22 cases and from 30 additional cases, referred only for pathologic diagnosis, the aver...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five patients treated with gentamicin-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads were monitored during the treatment of nine to 14 days. Kinetic data of the gentamicin delivery were gathered constantly by multiple samples of blood and urine. The treatment with 48-360 beads caused a gentamicin serum concentration of 0.03-0.4 ...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long thought to be expendable or insignificant for function, the menisci may well be very important structures in the knee joint. Menisci are of critical importance from the standpoint of stability, shock absorption, load transmission, and lubrication, and also play a role in preventing synovial impingement, and in de...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiotherapy used in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in pediatric patients often results in undesirable growth plate damage. Radioprotectants may hold promise in the selective protection of growth plate tissue in this setting. In an animal model, the hypothesis tested was that pentoxifylline, selenium, ...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000131247.18112.0f
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One option for dealing with considerable femoral bone deficiency at revision surgery is the use of extensively porous coated cobalt-chrome cylindrical stems. This technique has been shown to be a reliable, technically straightforward method that can be applied to all but the most severe femoral structural defects. Ver...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000150274.21573.f4
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty two patients (24 shoulders) who had undergone hemodialysis for a mean of 13.4 years, and who had reported chronic shoulder pain for > 6 months, were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including T1 and T2 echo gradient images in the frontal plane and T1 images after gadolinium. An increase in thicknes...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Residual deformity in resistant clubfoot is not uncommon. The "bean-shaped foot" exhibits forefoot adduction and midfoot supination and may interfere with function due to poor foot placement. For children less than 5 years of age we describe a corrective procedure combining a closing wedge cuboidal osteotomy...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11999-009-0755-4
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a series of delayed repair in 8 instances of avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament, 6 were isolated avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament and 2 were associated with the fractures of the tibial condyle. Staple fixation was used exclusiv...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quality of life measures have neglected to include a critical self-assessment component in pediatric sarcoma patients. Our report shows how children rate their own quality of life and how that varies over time after surgery. Using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument, quality of life data was prospectivel...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/BLO.0b013e31804f545d
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histomorphologic analyses of artificial joint components implanted into bone need special technology for processing and for documentation; published histological work systematically done therefore is rare. The histopathology, three-dimensionally analyzed in a complete sequence of sections is, however, the only precise...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000150424.59854.7b
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The introduction of alumina ceramic combined with the self-locking principle by surface increase has many followers. There is no manufacturing company in the world that does not produce self-locking hip prostheses with ceramic components. Despite increased interim results with conventional prostheses by improved cemen...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:More than 15 years ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified medical error as a problem worthy of greater attention; in the wake of the IOM report, numerous changes were made to regulations to limit residents' duty hours. However, the effect of resident work-hour changes remains controversial within th...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11999-014-3968-0
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previously validated three-dimensional finite element model was used to study how several total hip component design and surgical placement variables contribute to resisting the propensity for posterior dislocation in the case of leg crossing in an erectly seated position. The computational formulation incorporated ...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00003086-199810000-00016
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal osteomyelitis has been frequently reported, but only rarely as a complication of repeated heel punctures. The need for constant monitoring of premature newborns and those having low birthweight and serious deformities necessitates repeated blood samples, usually obtained by heel puncture. Os calcis osteomyeli...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A model was developed to identify and compare the local wound factors that induce acute osteomyelitis in a prospective, controlled investigation. When compared with wounds containing either virulent bacteria or dead bone, statistical analysis disclosed a significant increase in the incidence of osteomyelitis when viru...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two patients with severe hip pain proved to have buttock claudication resulting from isolated stenosis of the hypogastric artery. This diagnosis may be elusive if distal pulses are palpable, directing the clinician's suspicion away from vascular pathology. Diagnosis requires angiography. The patients were successfully...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation results in soft tissues lesions around the glenohumeral joint. The subscapularis muscle is a major active stabilizer of the shoulder and the hypothesis of the current study is that one would expect pathologic changes within its substance secondary to the trauma. A hist...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A histologically normal insertion site does not regenerate following rotator cuff tendon-to-bone repair, which is likely due to abnormal or insufficient gene expression and/or cell differentiation at the repair site. Techniques to manipulate the biologic events following tendon repair may improve healing. We used a sh...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11999-007-0112-4
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three patients had distraction osteogenesis as a salvage method for infected endoprostheses. At the first operation, the infected prosthesis was removed and stabilization was achieved with an external fixator to preserve limb length. An additional external fixator was applied later for distraction osteogenesis after e...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000128215.33603.4c
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of continuous passive motion (CPM) on the chondrogenic potential of autogenous osteoperiosteal grafts to repair major osteochondral defects. A 3.5-mm-wide circular full-thickness defect was drilled in one medial femoral condyle of 55 adolescent New Zealand...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fractures of the proximal femur are, more than ever, an important challenge in the field of traumatology. The Gamma nail, a combination of advantages of the sliding screw with the intramedullary nail, represents an efficient technique in the management of these fractures. A series of 224 fractures of the proximal femu...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bone cancer pain is very common, and patients with this type of pain may be difficult to treat. Development of an experimental model for studying this condition is critical to advancing an understanding of the mechanisms that cause pain in patients with malignant disease. METHODS:A murine model of bone canc...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.blo.0000093059.96273.56
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructural localization of calcium in the articular cartilage, meniscus, and synovium of patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease was examined by using potassium pyroantimonate. Focal areas with deposition of CPPD crystals in each tissue showed electron-dense precipitate...
journal_title：Clinical orthopaedics and related research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
