Abstract:
:Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) weakening or tears occur in 16% of professional baseball pitchers. To prevent players from sustaining a UCL injury, it is important to understand the relationship between the UCL properties and elbow stabilizers with the load on the UCL during pitching. In-vitro studies showed that the ultimate external valgus torque of 34 Nm would rupture the UCL, which is in apparent conflict with the reported peak valgus torques in pitching (40-120 Nm). Assuming both observations are correct, the question rises why 'only' 16 out of 100 professional pitchers sustain a UCL rupture. Underestimation of the effect of other structures in in-vivo studies is most likely the explanation of this mismatch because the calculated in-vivo torque also includes possible contributions of functional and structural stabilizers. In-vitro studies show that the flexor-pronator mass has the potential to counteract valgus torque directly, whereas the elbow flexor-extensor muscles combined with the humeroradial joint might have an indirect effect on valgus torque by increasing the joint compression force. Accurate experimental electromyography data and a more detailed (musculoskeletal)mechanical model of the elbow are needed to investigate if and to what extent the structural and functional stabilizers can shield the UCL during pitching.
journal_name
Int Biomechjournal_title
International biomechanicsauthors
Van Trigt B,Vliegen LW,Leenen TA,Veeger DHdoi
10.1080/23335432.2021.1916405keywords:
["UCL","elbow injury","electromyography; Tommy John Surgery;","musculoskeletal modelling","overhead sports"]subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-12-01 00:00:00pages
19-29issue
1issn
2333-5432journal_volume
8pub_type
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