Abstract:
:Orienting responses (ORs) are whole-organism reflexes that are elicited by innocuous stimuli, and which decrease in magnitude after stimulus repetition. ORs represent relatively simple responses that can be used to study attentional processes, and are modulated by the organism's state, including arousal and activation levels, as well as by emotional processes. Here we describe a simple method to study ORs in zebrafish, a model organism increasingly being used in behavioural neuroscience. After presentation of a static visual stimulus, an OR is elicited, characterized by approaching the stimulus and orienting towards it. After repeated stimulation, OR decreases, suggesting habituation. These responses are qualitatively altered by exposure to a fear-eliciting alarm substance (i.e., derived from the skin of a conspecific), since exposed animals avoid the visual stimulus and orient either away from the stimulus or towards it, but at a distance. The protocol can be used to study orienting responses, as well as the impact of fear and arousal on these reflexes.
journal_name
Anim Cognjournal_title
Animal cognitionauthors
do Nascimento BG,Oliveira HSTOE,Silva HTL,de Siqueira-Silva DH,Lima-Maximino M,Maximino Cdoi
10.1007/s10071-020-01403-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-01 00:00:00pages
965-972issue
5eissn
1435-9448issn
1435-9456pii
10.1007/s10071-020-01403-1journal_volume
23pub_type
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