Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The aim of this paper was to present data on occupational exposure to carcinogens and mutagens in Poland in 2013-2017, based on information sent to the "Central Register of Data on Exposure to Carcinogenic or Mutagenic Chemical Substances, Mixtures, Agents or Technological Processes," kept by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland. The legal bases, purpose and scope of data collection were also discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Data on occupational exposure to carcinogenic and mutagenic substances, mixtures and technological processes, submitted to the Central Register by Polish employers in 2013- 2017, were analyzed. The data were shown in various configurations and presented in the form of spatial distribution of the exposure to and occurrence of selected occupational carcinogens and mutagens. RESULTS:The number of chemical substances reported to the Central Register in the reference period had increased gradually since 2013. In 2017, 368 substances were reported, i.e., an increase of 21.1% compared to 2013. Also, the number of reporting enterprises increased (to over 4000 enterprises in 2017). The most common chemical agents in the reference years were formaldehyde, particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene and chromium( VI) compounds. Among the technological processes, most of the plants reported works in exposure to hardwood dust (about 800 plants and over 10 000 to almost 15 000 exposed workers). CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to legally define the term "exposure" and its quantification so that there would be no doubts for employers and supervision services about the number of people exposed in the workplace. Exposure spatial distribution maps are a transparent and easy-to-understand way of presenting data on exposure to occupational carcinogens and mutagens. Med Pr. 2020;71(2):187-203. WSTĘP:Celem pracy było przedstawienie danych o narażeniu zawodowym na czynniki rakotwórcze i mutagenne w Polsce w latach 2013–2017 na podstawie informacji nadesłanych do „Centralnego rejestru danych o narażeniu na substancje chemiczne, ich mieszaniny, czynniki lub procesy technologiczne o działaniu rakotwórczym lub mutagennym”, prowadzonego przez Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera w Łodzi. Omówiono także podstawy prawne i cel prowadzenia rejestru oraz zakres zbieranych danych. MATERIAŁ I METODY:Przeanalizowano dane dotyczące narażenia zawodowego na rakotwórcze i mutagenne substancje chemiczne oraz ich mieszaniny i procesy technologiczne, które polscy pracodawcy przesłali do centralnego rejestru w latach 2013–2017. Dane zestawiono w różnych konfiguracjach i przedstawiono w formie rozkładów przestrzennych narażenia oraz występowania wybranych kancerogenów i mutagenów zawodowych. WYNIKI:Od 2013 r. liczba substancji chemicznych zgłaszanych do centralnego rejestru systematycznie rosła. W 2017 r. zgłoszono 368 substancji, co stanowi wzrost o 21,1% względem 2013 r. Zwiększyła się również (do ponad 4000 zakładów w 2017 r.) liczba zakładów dokonujących zgłoszeń. Najbardziej rozpowszechnionymi czynnikami chemicznymi w omawianych latach były formaldehyd, poszczególne wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne, benzen i związki chromu(VI). Spośród procesów technologicznych najwięcej zakładów zgłosiło prace w narażeniu na pył drewna twardego (corocznie ok. 800 zakładów i od ponad 10 tys. do prawie 15 tys. narażonych pracowników). WNIOSKI:Do celów związanych z prowadzeniem rejestrów w zakładach pracy konieczne jest prawne zdefiniowanie pojęcia narażenia i jego ilościowe określenie, aby uniknąć wątpliwości pracodawców i służb nadzoru co do liczby osób narażonych w zakładzie pracy. Mapy rozkładu przestrzennego narażenia są przejrzystym i prostym w odbiorze sposobem przedstawienia danych o narażeniu na kancerogeny i mutageny zawodowe. Med. Pr. 2020;71(2):187–203.
journal_name
Med Prjournal_title
Medycyna pracyauthors
Niepsuj A,Czerczak S,Konieczko Kdoi
10.13075/mp.5893.00956subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-30 00:00:00pages
187-203issue
2eissn
0465-5893issn
2353-1339pii
116596journal_volume
71pub_type
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