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ECONOMIC CRISES AS A MOTIVE FOR CHANGE IN HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS - A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE WITH REFERENCE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

Abstract：

:Economic crises throughout history have often given an impetus for health and social reforms leading to the introduction of general healthcare systems and social equality in a large number of countries. The aim of this paper is to present the major economic crises and their effect on healthcare and social system chronologically. Bismarck's and Beveridge's model, the two most prominent healthcare models, which emerged primarily as a response to major economic crises, constitute the basis for the functioning of most health care systems in the world. An overview of historical events and experiences may be valuable in predicting future developments and potential effects of the crisis on healthcare systems and health in general. An analysis of past crises as well as current health and economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the healthcare system can facilitate the comprehension of the mechanisms of action and consequences of economic recession. It may also help identify guidelines and changes that might reduce the potential damage caused by future crises. The historical examples presented show that a crisis could trigger changes, which, in theiressence, are not necessarily negative. The response of society as a whole determines the direction of these changes, and it is up to society to transform the negative circumstances brought about by the recession into activities that contribute to general well-being and progress. :Ekonomske krize tijekom povijesti često su bile poticaj za zdravstvene i socijalne reforme. Rezultat toga bilo je uvođenje sustava opće zdravstvene zaštite i socijalne jednakosti u velikom broju zemalja. Ovim radom željeli smo kronološki prikazati velike gospodarske krize i njihove učinke na zdravstveni i socijalni sustav. Dva najpoznatija modela zdravstvene zaštite, Bismarckov i Beveridgeov, na kojima se temelji funkcioniranje većine zdravstvenih sustava u svijetu, upravo su proizišli iz velikih ekonomskih kriza. Pregled povijesnih događaja i iskustva iz prošlosti mogu biti korisna u predviđanju budućih zbivanja i učinaka krize na zdravstvene sustave i zdravlje. Analiza prijašnjih kriza, kao i trenutačne zdravstvene i gospodarske krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19, i njihova učinka na sustav zdravstva može pomoći u razumijevanju mehanizama djelovanja i posljedica recesije na zdravlje te određivanju smjernica i promjena kojima bi se umanjile potencijalne štete budućih kriza. Upravo iz iznesenih povijesnih primjera vidi se da kriza može biti poticaj promjena koje u svojoj suštini ne moraju biti negativne. O reakciji društva ovisi koji će biti smjer tih promjena i na samom je društvu da negativne okolnosti koje donosi recesija transformira u aktivnosti koje donose dobrobit i napredak.

journal_name

Acta Med Hist Adriat

journal_title

Acta medico-historica adriatica : AMHA

authors

Kaštelan S,Kasun B,Kaštelan U,Radonjić M,Sopta M

doi

10.31952/amha.18.2.8

keywords:

["economic crises","COVID-19 pandemic","health system","health insurance","Otto von Bismarck","William Beveridge"]

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-12-01 00:00:00

pages

355-374

issue

eissn

1334-4366

issn

1334-6253

journal_volume

pub_type

杂志文章

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ECONOMIC CRISES AS A MOTIVE FOR CHANGE IN HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS - A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE WITH REFERENCE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.