Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Deletions of the HOXC gene cluster result in variable phenotypes in mice, but have been rarely described in humans. OBJECTIVE:To report chromosome 12q13.13 microdeletions ranging from 13 to 175 kb and involving the 5' HOXC genes in four families, segregating congenital lower limb malformations, including clubfoot, vertical talus and hip dysplasia. METHODS:Probands (N=253) with clubfoot or vertical talus were screened for point mutations and copy number variants using multiplexed direct genomic selection, a pooled BAC targeted capture approach. SNP genotyping included 1178 probands with clubfoot or vertical talus and 1775 controls. RESULTS:The microdeletions share a minimal non-coding region overlap upstream of HOXC13, with variable phenotypes depending upon HOXC13, HOXC12 or the HOTAIR lncRNA inclusion. SNP analysis revealed HOXC11 p.Ser191Phe segregating with clubfoot in a small family and enrichment of HOXC12 p.Asn176Lys in patients with clubfoot or vertical talus (rs189468720, p=0.0057, OR=3.8). Defects in limb morphogenesis include shortened and overlapping toes, as well as peroneus muscle hypoplasia. Finally, HOXC and HOXD gene expression is reduced in fibroblasts from a patient with a 5' HOXC deletion, consistent with previous studies demonstrating that dosage of lncRNAs alters expression of HOXD genes in trans. CONCLUSIONS:Because HOXD10 has been implicated in the aetiology of congenital vertical talus, variation in its expression may contribute to the lower limb phenotypes occurring with 5' HOXC microdeletions. Identification of 5' HOXC microdeletions highlights the importance of transcriptional regulators in the aetiology of severe lower limb malformations and will improve their diagnosis and management.
journal_name
J Med Genetjournal_title
Journal of medical geneticsauthors
Alvarado DM,McCall K,Hecht JT,Dobbs MB,Gurnett CAdoi
10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103505subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
250-5issue
4eissn
0022-2593issn
1468-6244pii
jmedgenet-2015-103505journal_volume
53pub_type
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