The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: biological background and clinical relevance of an emerging treatment target in immunotherapy.

abstract：:IL-19 and IL-20 are two cytokines that were discovered in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Based on the structure and location of their genes, their primary and secondary protein structures and the used receptor complexes, they were classified with IL-10, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28 and IL-29 in the IL-10 family of cytokin...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Sabat R,Wallace E,Endesfelder S,Wolk K

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is a common condition in which significant bone loss occurs resulting in an increased risk of sustaining fractures. Several licensed therapies are available to treat this condition, which suffer from several disadvantages including limited efficacy, high cost and poor long-term patient adherence as a cons...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Tobias JH,Flanagan AM,Scutt AM

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The conventional approach toward anticancer drug development is a time-consuming and expensive procedure. OBJECTIVE/METHODS:One approach to expedite this process and achieve more affordable means is to discover new applications of existing drugs, since their pharmacokinetics and pharmacological profiles are...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Chen D,Dou QP

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Since its discovery in 1997, the antiapoptotic factor AAC-11 has rapidly gained attention due to its potential use in cancer therapy. Indeed, most cancer cells express elevated levels of AAC-11, which is now known to be involved in both tumor cells growth as well as sensitivity to chemotherapeut...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Faye A,Poyet JL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:c-Myb is a transcription factor employed in the haematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract to regulate the exquisite balance between cell division, differentiation and survival. In its absence, these tissues either fail to form, or show aberrant biology. Mice lacking a functional c-myb gene die in utero by day 1...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Ramsay RG,Barton AL,Gonda TJ

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The termination of the Phase III clinical trial of Pfizer's CETP inhibitor torcetrapib, Investigation of lipid level management to understand its impact in atherosclerotic events (ILLUMINATE), due to excess mortality in the treatment group raised many questions for those involved in the discovery and development of dr...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Suckling K

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Nuclear factor TDP-43 is a ubiquitously expressed RNA binding protein that plays a key causative role in several neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the ALS/FTD spectrum. In addition, its aberrant aggregation and expression has been recently observed in other type of diseases, such as myopathies and ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Buratti E

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A substantial number of epidemiologic and experimental studies support an important role for Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) in the biology of human cancer. OBJECTIVE:This article reviews the authors' understanding of the role of Class IA PI3K in the biology of human cancers and present disco...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Maira SM,Voliva C,Garcia-Echeverria C

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional measures for treating metastatic cancer involve identification of the originating organ from which the neoplasm arose and empirical treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Arguably, with the exception of haematological malignancies, demonstration of efficacy in solid tumours has been limited. Over the past ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Senzer N,Shen Y,Hill C,Nemunaitis J

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in genomics and proteomics have revolutionised the drug discovery process and target validation. Identification of novel therapeutic targets for chronic skeletal diseases is an extremely challenging process based on the difficulty of obtaining high-quality human diseased versus normal tissue samples. The qual...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Cho CH,Nuttall ME

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It plays a vital role in male sexual development and regulates gene expression in various tissues, including prostate. Androgens are compounds that exert their biological effects via interact...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Sakkiah S,Ng HW,Tong W,Hong H

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The autophagy-associated release of HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) has been reported that protect cancer cells from numerous chemotherapeutics. However, the related molecular mechanism involved in the protection of oral cancer cells remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:In this study, we determined...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Hsieh MJ,Hsieh YH,Lin CW,Chen MK,Yang SF,Chiou HL

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:HDAC inhibitors (HDI) are anti-neoplastic drugs with preliminary successful clinical applications in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Systematic investigations of HDAC expression in HL, based on histology and immunohistochemistry are yet rare. RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODS:We investigated the expression of HDAC1, 2 and 3 ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Adams H,Fritzsche FR,Dirnhofer S,Kristiansen G,Tzankov A

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulatory control play fundamental roles in developmental morphogenesis, and, as more recently appreciated, are heavily implicated in the onset and progression of neoplastic disease, including cancer. Many epigenetic mechanisms are therapeutically targetable, providing additi...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： McCann TS,Sobral LM,Self C,Hsieh J,Sechler M,Jedlicka P

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sertoli cells support germ cell development in the testis via an elaborate network of cell junctions that confers structural, communicating, and signaling support. However, Sertoli cell junctions and cytoskeletons are the target of environmental toxicants. Because germ cells rely on Sertoli cells for the p...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Gao Y,Mruk DD,Cheng CY

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Human EGFR-2 (HER2) has an impact on cellular proliferation and survival. HER2 overexpression has been shown to be a marker for poorer prognosis in several malignancies. Trastuzumab, a humanized mAb, is successfully used to target HER2 in breast cancer. The effect of targeting HER2 in esophageal cancer (EC...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Uzunoglu FG,Koenig AM,Izbicki JR

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Since its discovery nearly 20 years ago, the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase has been extensively studied. These studies have elucidated many of the major signaling pathways activated by Ron. In the context of the inflammation and cancer, studies have shown that Ron plays differential roles; Ron activation li...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Benight NM,Waltz SE

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psoriasis is a common chronic, recurring skin disease that is characterised by typical macroscopic and microscopic skin alterations. It is widely accepted that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Since the early 1990s, the dominant role of a subpopulation of T cells, so-call...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Philipp S,Wolk K,Kreutzer S,Wallace E,Ludwig N,Roewert J,Höflich C,Volk HD,Sterry W,Sabat R

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomics has changed our view of the biological world in the past decade, providing both new information and new tools to characterise biological systems. Over 100 microbial genomes - including many of substantial clinical importance - have been fully or partially sequenced, pushing the search for novel antimicrobial ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Schmid MB

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:ATAD2 protein is an emerging oncogene that has strongly been linked to the etiology of multiple advanced human cancers. Therapeutically, despite the fact that genetic suppression/knockdown studies have validated it as a compelling drug target for future therapeutic development, recent druggability assessme...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Hussain M,Zhou Y,Song Y,Hameed HMA,Jiang H,Tu Y,Zhang J

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease that is intractable to currently available treatment regimens. Although well described in different tumors types, the importance of apoptosis inducer prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) in PC has not been appreciated. PC is an oncogenic kras driven di...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Azmi AS,Philip PA,Zafar SF,Sarkar FH,Mohammad RM

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Regulation of apoptosis is fundamental to maintain the balance between cell survival and cell death. Disruption of this process may have severe consequences, contributing to carcinogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of the proteins that control apoptosis may therefore be used in the treatment of various types of...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Langemeijer SM,de Graaf AO,Jansen JH

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:To summarize the currently available evidence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) implication in the pathogenesis of inflammatory ocular diseases. AREAS COVERED:PAF is a potent mediator of inflammation, implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders, allergic reactions, oncogenic transfo...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Nitoda E,Moschos MM,Mavragani CP,Koutsilieris M

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent disease that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The progression of normal mucosa through adenomatous polyps to overt cancer can span for 10 - 15 years, making early detection, as well as the use of chemopreventive agents such as aspirin, an attra...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Avivi D,Moshkowitz M,Detering E,Arber N

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is a pH-dependent endolysosomal cysteine protease that cleaves its substrates after asparagine residues. Our most recent study identifies that it possesses the delta-secretase activity, and that it is implicated in numerous neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (A...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Zhang Z,Xie M,Ye K

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the past number of years have seen a substantial improvement in the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of heart failure, mortality rates continue to be high. Moreover, the incidence of heart failure is expanding rapidly. Sodium-hydrogen exchange (NHE) is a key target for the treatment of heart failure. ...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Morris K

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Methionine sulfoximine (MSO), a well-characterized inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, displays significant therapeutic benefits in animal models for several human diseases. This amino acid might therefore be a viable candidate for drug development to treat diseases for which there are few effective therapi...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Brusilow WS,Peters TJ

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) signaling plays a pivotal role in response to oxidative stress in lung cancer. Mutations in KEAP1/NFE2L2 genes always cause persistent Nrf2 activation in lung cancer cells that confer therapeutic resistance and aggres...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Zhang B,Ma Z,Tan B,Lin N

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a need to develop new bone anabolic agents because current bone regeneration regimens have limitations. The Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) pathway has emerged as a regulator of bone formation and regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To review the molecular basis for Wnt pathway modulation and discuss...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Hoeppner LH,Secreto FJ,Westendorf JJ

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Activin A is involved in the regulation of a surprisingly broad number of processes that are relevant for cancer development and treatment; it is implicated in cell autonomous functions and multiple regulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment. AREAS COVERED:This article summarizes the current knowl...

journal_title：Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

authors： Ries A,Schelch K,Falch D,Pany L,Hoda MA,Grusch M

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00