Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Head injury is the most common cause of death for child occupants in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). The morbidity associated with nonlethal MVC-related head injuries is of great clinical consequence as well. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of, and risk factors for, clinically significant head injury (CSHI) in child occupants in MVCs. METHODS:A large, child-specific crash surveillance system linking insurance claims data to telephone survey data was utilized. Qualifying crashes involved model year 1990 or newer vehicles in crashes with one or more child occupants (age 4 to 15 years) occurring in 15 U.S. states. Data were accrued between March 2000 and December 2007. A probability sample of crashes was selected for telephone survey with the driver of the insured vehicle. A clinically significant head injury, as reported by the child's parent using a validated survey, included concussions, skull fractures, and intracranial hemorrhages. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with a CSHI. RESULTS:During the period of study, completed interviews were obtained on 19,075 children aged 4-15, representing 318,527 children involved in 219,511 crashes. The overall rate of CSHI in child occupants was 1.08 percent. Factors associated with an increased risk of head injury included rollover (odds ratio [OR] = 8.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.40-11.57) and near-side impact crashes (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.73-3.30) vs. frontal impact; lack of restraint (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 2.26-4.33) vs. restrained; and driver age < 25 years (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.12-1.81) vs. driver age ≥ 25 years. Some factors varied based on occupant age, and younger child age had a protective effect on the risk for head injury. CONCLUSION:The risk of CSHI for 4- to 15-year-old child occupants was 1.08 percent. Several demographic and crash factors were associated with CSHI in child occupants. This information may help inform design safety initiatives.
journal_name
Traffic Inj Prevjournal_title
Traffic injury preventionauthors
Nance ML,Kallan MJ,Arbogast KB,Park MS,Durbin DR,Winston FKdoi
10.1080/15389588.2010.513072subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
600-5issue
6eissn
1538-9588issn
1538-957Xpii
930472639journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alcohol- or drug-impaired driving can cause motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and death. Estimates of drug-impaired driving are difficult to obtain. This study explores self-reported prevalence of and factors associated with alcohol, marijuana, and prescription opioid use and impaired driving among adults a...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1479525
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Benzodiazepines are prescribed to relieve anxiety and aid sleep. Studies demonstrate that benzodiazepines increase odds of crash involvement, but little evidence exists regarding their impact on crash responsibility. We examined the impact of benzodiazepines on crash responsibility by drug half-life and drive...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389580802161943
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We explored the association between body mass index (BMI) and the odds of a driver being fatally injured in a motor vehicle crash (MVC) after controlling for driver, crash, and vehicle factors known to independently contribute to injury severity. We hypothesized that BMI would be related to risk of fatal inju...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1508833
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: The Vision Zero initiative pursues the goal of eliminating all traffic fatalities and severe injuries. Today's advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are an important part of the strategy toward Vision Zero. In Germany in 2018 more than 26,000 people were killed or severely injured by traffic accidents o...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2019.1605167
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cycling is a complex skill consisting of motor skills such as pedalling, braking, and steering. Because the ability to perform cycling skills is based on the age-related development of the child, experience and age-related reference values are of interest in light of customized testing and training. METHODS:...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2016.1143553
更新日期:2016-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to examine the effect of a penalty points system (PPS) implemented in early July 2006 on the number of severe road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Kuwait. METHODS:Monthly counts of RTIs that occurred between January 2003 and December 2009 were analyzed. We used an interrupted seasonal autoregress...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2012.749466
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to reconstruct 11 motor vehicle crashes (6 with thoracolumbar fractures and 5 without thoracolumbar fractures) and analyze the fracture mechanism, fracture predictors, and associated parameters affecting thoracolumbar spine response. METHODS:Eleven frontal crashes were reconstructed with a f...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1498090
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The study reported in this article addressed the potential safety impact of consumer movement toward smaller vehicle choices by examining the makeup of the full British Columbia (BC) vehicle fleet--from smaller cars to heavy commercial vehicles. The basic assumption made was that some operators of heavy light...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389580903147874
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A survey was conducted to produce reliable epidemiological data concerning the role played by alcohol and drugs in fatal road accidents in France. The aims are to describe the conduct of the survey, evaluate the overall quality of the findings, and analyze the substances consumed by the involved drivers. A c...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389580701737561
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study applies a simulation technique to evaluate the hypothesis that red light cameras (RLCs) exert important effects on accident risks. Conflict occurrences are generated by simulation and compared at intersections with and without RLCs to assess the impact of RLCs on several conflict types under variou...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2014.942418
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:A study using simulator methodology was conducted to investigate the effects of (1) different blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.10 percent and (2) post-alcohol impairment (where BAC approximately 0%) on driving behavior and subsidiary cognitive task performance. METHODS:Two driving s...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389581003747522
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The public generally assumes that the minimum legal drinking age of 21 (MLDA-21) legislation in the United States is embodied in a single law and therefore all states have the same law. Actually, the MLDA-21 state laws consist of multiple provisions that support the core MLDA-21 laws and include a family of p...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2014.928929
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of a 20 hr prevention program (The Reducing Dangerous Driving Program, RYDD) in reducing traffic citation recidivism and high-risk driving behaviors among 16- to 20-year-olds referred by the Rhode Island courts for traffic citation events. METHODS:Participants were randomized to receiv...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/15389588.2012.734666
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The 3 objectives of this study are to (1) identify the driving style characteristics of taxi drivers in Shanghai and New York City (NYC) using taxi Global Positioning System (GPS) data and make a comparative analysis; (2) explore the influence of different driving style characteristics on the frequency of spe...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2017.1391382
更新日期:2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::The growing recognition of the problem presented by illicit vehicle operation by those whose license has been suspended for driving while intoxicated (DWI) has led to the increasing use of vehicle sanctions. These sanctions include vehicle impoundment and forfeiture, vehicle registration cancellation, and vehicle inte...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/15389580490465409
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the safety impacts of pedestrian countdown signals (PCSs) with and without pushbuttons based on pedestrian crashes and pedestrian injuries in Michigan. METHODOLOGY:This study used 10 years of intersection data-5 years before PCSs were installed and 5 years after they were installed-along...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1462493
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The rate of failed interlock blood alcohol content (BAC) tests is a strong predictor of recidivism post-interlock and a partial proxy for alcohol use. Alcohol biomarkers measured at the start of an interlock program are known to correlate well with rates of failed BAC tests over months of interlock use. This ...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2010.544048
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Forward collision warning (FCW) is an active safety system that aims to mitigate the effect of forward collisions by warning the driver of objects in front of the vehicle. Success of FCW relies on how drivers react to the alerts. Drivers who receive too many warnings that they deem as unnecessary-that is, nui...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2014.928703
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:ESC (Electronic Stability Control) is a crash avoidance technology that reduces the likelihood of collisions involving loss of control. Although past and emerging research indicates that ESC is effective in reducing collision rates and saving lives, and its inclusion in all vehicle platforms is encouraged, dr...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389580903043446
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) rates automotive seats as good, acceptable, marginal, and poor on their abilities to prevent whiplash injuries during rear-end collisions. The goal of this study was to compare the performance of some good- and poor-rated seats at speed changes below 16 km/...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2020.1718121
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents a broad review of the literature on frontal air bag field performance, starting with the initial government and industry projections of effectiveness and concluding with the most recent assessments of depowered systems. This review includes as many relevant metrics as practicable, interprets the ...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/15389580590903131
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Indonesia is one of many developing countries that relies on motorcycles as a major mode of transportation. Unfortunately, the widespread use of motorcycles in Indonesia coincides with a high number of motorcycle accidents which can often be attributed to unsafe behaviors of the motorcyclist. One unsafe behav...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2020.1789121
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study explored a theoretical model to assess the influence of culture on willingness and intention to drive under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). This model is expected to guide the design of strategies to change future DUIC behavior in road users. METHODS:This study used a survey methodology to obta...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1425548
更新日期:2018-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Despite recent improvements in highway safety in the United States, serious crashes on curves remain a significant problem. To assist in better understanding causal factors leading to this problem, this article presents and demonstrates a methodology for collection and analysis of vehicle trajectory and speed...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2012.701356
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The study aims to develop an elderly model occupant representative of 50th percentile 75-year-old male using the younger 50th percentile Global Human Body Models Consortium Human Body Model. METHODS:The 50th percentile base model was morphed to elderly anthropometry. The material properties of tissues were u...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2020.1829922
更新日期:2020-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of the current study is to determine what factors have been associated with the global adoption of mandatory child restraint laws (ChRLs) since 1975. METHODS:In order to determine what factors explained the global adoption of mandatory ChRLs, Weibull models were analyzed. To carry out this anal...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1061661
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to use the detailed medical injury information in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) to evaluate patterns of rib fractures in real-world crash occupants in both belted and unbelted restraint conditions. Fracture patterns binned into rib regional levels were...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1062888
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article describes the background and implementation in Sweden of zero-concentration limits for controlled drugs in the blood of drivers. Eliminating the need to prove that a person's ability to drive safely was impaired by drugs has greatly simplified the prosecution case, which now rests primarily on th...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389580500253760
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: There is little data defining safe transport protocols for spica-casted children. A single earlier study demonstrated the presence of a body cast alters kinematics and injury metrics during simulated side-impact crashes. Since then, the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) proposed ...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2020.1755969
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study estimated the annual count of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in motor vehicles crashes by type and seat belt use using 18 years of NASS-CDS data. It determined the rate for SCI and fracture-dislocation of the spine. METHODS:1994-2011 NASS-CDS was used to estimate the annual occurrence of spinal injurie...
journal_title:Traffic injury prevention
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15389588.2013.867434
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00