Abstract：
:The purpose of this paper is to review the concepts of risk as we use them today in dental public health practice, and to suggest that we should broaden our view of risk. Use of terms like risk factor in the literature can be quite vague, and it is recommended that a clear definition of that and related terms be adhered to. A broader view of risk in dental research would take in the concepts of social determinants of health and population health. While some progress has been made in our understanding of these issues, better knowledge would give the public health administrator more readily available information to use in program planning. The skewed distribution of caries in the high-income countries has led to the emergence of targeted prevention programs toward those considered to be at high risk. In public health programs, targeting at the individual level is not practical: the risk assessment methods are not yet sufficiently precise, and even when individuals are identified there are practical problems with schools and with the children themselves. (For private practice, however, high-risk child patients can be identified as those with at least one approximal lesion in permanent teeth.) For public health purposes, an argument is made for geographic targeting, i.e. identification of areas of social deprivation where whole schools or school districts can be targeted. Geographic targeting is something between individual targeting and whole-population approaches. Ideally, geographic targeting would supplement population measures like water fluoridation and dental health education. Examples of geographic targeting from Ohio and New York are presented as illustrations.
journal_name
Community Dent Oral Epidemioljournal_title
Community dentistry and oral epidemiologyauthors
Burt BAdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00231.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-08-01 00:00:00pages
240-7issue
4eissn
0301-5661issn
1600-0528pii
COM231journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A study was executed to investigate the relation between the use of fluoride tablets by children in the age period 1.5-6 yr on the one hand and the caries experience at the age of 6 and 15 yr and the prevalence of fluorosis at the age of 15 yr on the other hand. The year of birth of the child, the motivation of the mo...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1992.tb01691.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effect of water fluoridation on dental caries prevalence and experience in Cheongju, South Korea, where water fluoridation ceased 7 years previously. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was employed at two schools where water fluoridation had ceased (WF-ceased...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cdoe.12091
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Understanding socially relevant attitudes to fluorosis and dental caries is important. Previous studies have concentrated mainly on aesthetic implications. AIMS:To investigate social judgements beyond the aesthetic, made when viewing digitally manipulated extraoral images of dental fluorosis of varying degr...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00275.x
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the personal utility of asymptomatic third molar removal in military patients. From 1 to 30 days (mean = 7.4) after the extraction of one or more third molars, 100 returning patients (all male, mean age = 20.1) were asked to respond to hypothetical questions concerning the ex...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00072.x
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A convenience sample of patients (n = 271) from community health centres and private clinics in different parts of Finland were recruited for this study through their dental clinic. Equal numbers of regular and irregular clients were invited to participate. Before the treatment procedure, each patient filled out a que...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00852.x
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over 4000 first and fifth grade children from the areas surrounding Aiken, South Carolina, and Portland, Maine, participated in a 4-yr study to develop caries risk assessment models. The predictors used at baseline included detailed clinical examinations, salivary microbiological tests, and sociodemographic and dental...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1992.tb00679.x
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The debate about mercury and dental amalgam has been one of the longest running in dentistry, and shows no signs of abating. This study aimed to investigate perceptions about mercury in dental fillings among a representative sample of the Australian public. A random sub-sample of participants in a national dental tele...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb01728.x
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe the perceived inability to cope (PIC) and impact on quality of life (QOL) in dental pain patients, and investigate their effect on perceived need for pain medication. METHODS:Fully structured self-complete questionnaire survey of a sample of patients with current experience of dental pain/discom...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00396.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether there is an Appalachian disparity in caries prevalence or extent in children living in Pennsylvania. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional clinical assessment of caries in a sample representing 1st, 3rd, 9th, and 11th grade students across Pennsylvania. We used logistic regression and ...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cdoe.12135
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The knowledge and beliefs about periodontal disease of 1093 regularly attending patients in 36 North Carolina general dental practices were examined. Patients had a strong positive orientation toward keeping their teeth. Correct information concerning the signs, causes, prevention, and treatment of periodontal disease...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00588.x
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Since 1999, the public dental health service (PDHS) in the county of Värmland, Sweden, has two co-existing patient financial systems, i.e. ways for the patient to pay for dental care services. Alongside the traditional system of fee-for-service payment, i.e. paying afterwards for provided services, a new sys...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00546.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2000 persons from an a-select sample of the Dutch population were sent a questionnaire in which the most important question was: "Did you have any questions on matters related to dentistry during the past year?" The question was by nature an open question, and the respondents were entitled to several answers. 640 ques...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01461.x
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Etiological models that predominantly emphasize current adult life styles, such as smoking, diet and lack of exercise have recently been seriously challenged by a growing body of evidence that disturbed early growth and development, childhood infection, poor nutrition, and social and psychosocial disadvantage across t...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00332.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In dentistry comparative studies of diffusion of disease preventive innovations are rare and usually atheoretical. For these reasons the present study was designed 1) to determine whether or not normal distribution assumptions applied to decisions to adopt caries preventive fluoride programs in a public dental service...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00544.x
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the relationship between the oral hygiene practices of dentate elderly people living in residential homes, their requests for assistance and their oral health status. METHODS:164 people (81.2+/-7.4 years) participated in an interview and oral examination, and provided a stimulated saliva samp...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290608.x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 2-year study of the isolated effect of an intensive motivation program in the oral health of 11--15-year-old schoolchildren was carried out in a Danish provincial town. The motivation program consisted of small-group sessions during which maximum effort was made to obtain active engagement from the children. After 1...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01260.x
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate time trends in primary reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Norway from 1968 to 1988. Johansen studied reasons for extraction of 8757 teeth in 4216 patients during a 3-week period in 1968. Twenty years later a random sample of 500 Norwegian dentists provided ...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00183.x
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The caries status of 1784 children aged 7 to 10 years was examined in a cross-sectional, epidemiological study in the Rhine-Neckar-District. Results showed that 30.5% of the children had caries-free primary and 65.2% had caries-free permanent teeth. The d(m)ft index was 2.68, and the D(M)FT averaged 0.76. As in previo...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00953.x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Tooth retention has improved over the past few decades, but it is not known whether these trends have been observed across all demographic/socioeconomic subgroups. We examined number of missing teeth among dentate individuals (n = 9,113) as well as edentulism and systematically modeled their trends over time...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cdoe.12116
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The value of defined levels of oral hygiene and dietary habits for predicting caries was investigated. The material comprised 143 3-yr-olds. Three levels of oral hygiene and dietary habits, respectively, were used. Oral hygiene was registered as gingival status. Dietary habits were recorded by interview. Two groups we...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1983.tb01899.x
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Examination of 2,138 subjects, aged 15-65+ years, was carried out by calibrated examiners using mirrors and fibre optic illumination. Each subject was scored by the Periodontal Status Index, PSI (WHO Oral Health Surveys), Periodontal Index, PI (Russell) and the Oral Hygiene Index, OHI (Greene & Vermillion). For the PS...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1978.tb01159.x
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe the relationship between acculturation and oral health status, oral health knowledge and frequency of dental visits in subjects of Vietnamese background, 18 years or older, living in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS:Oral health status was measured using the DMFS index. Oral health knowledge was est...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.2001.290205.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation examines the incidence of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in a population of epileptic patients who attend General Medical Practices for treatment of their epilepsy and compares the gingival changes with an otherwise healthy group of patients. The plaque score, gingival index, and gingival ove...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1992.tb01701.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to evaluate the possible cariostatic effect of a fluoride varnish in the primary dentition, Duraphat varnish was applied twice yearly for 2 years to the teeth of 195 3 1/2-year-old children of both sexes attending nine preparatory schools in the Warsaw area. A control group of 127 children attending nine othe...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb00362.x
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Untreated dental caries is the most prevalent medical condition worldwide, with considerable variations in prevalence between regions and countries. The care index (CI) and the restorative index (RI) are generally used to make comparisons between and within countries of levels of care delivered. However, sev...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cdoe.12238
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The need for preventive and interceptive intervention for malocclusion was studied in a sample of 931 Finnish children aged 3--5 years. Orthodontic intervention was estimated to be needed for 14.4% of the children due to crossbite or functional crossbite of the anterior or lateral segments, or to the early loss of pri...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1981.tb01019.x
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Childhood socio-economic status (SES) has long been associated with later-life oral health, suggesting that childhood is a sensitive period for oral health. Far less attention has been given to the long-term impact of childhood trauma, abuse, and smoking on later-life oral health. This study fills the gap in...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cdoe.12463
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was made of the dental health of a group of 8-year-old children studied earlier as 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds, including examination of caries, gingivitis and occlusion, as well as certain data on oral habits and fluoride prophylaxis. Caries was found in 92% of the children. The mean DMFS-value was 3.1 and the mea...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1978.tb01124.x
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The validity of the Podshadley and Haley Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHPI) and the Silness and Löe Index (PlI) was investigated. Fifty children aged 11-12 years were examined by a single examiner and plaque collected from all accessible smooth surfaces, and dry weight determined. Statistically, there were signi...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01275.x
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a lot of discussion concerning the possible influence of amalgam tooth fillings on different symptoms and complaints. Information on this topic could be obtained from 1024 dentulous women aged 38-72, participants in a population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden, who answered a questionnaire with 30 ...
journal_title：Community dentistry and oral epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb01760.x
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
