Abstract:
:If the completion of the first draft of the human genome represents the coming of age of bioinformatics, then the emergence of bioinformatics as a university degree subject represents its establishment. In this paper bioinformatics as a subject for formal study is discussed, rather than as a subject for research, and a selection of the taught, mainly graduate, courses currently available in the UK are reviewed. Throughout, the author tries to draw parallels between the integration of bioinformatics into biomedical research and teaching today, and that of molecular biology, two decades ago. Others have made this analogy between these two relatively young disciplines. Although research sources are referenced, the author makes no pretence of objectivity. This article contains his opinions, and those of a number of current bioinformatics course organisers whose comments on the subject were solicited in advance specifically for this paper. The course organisers kindly advised how they planned their curricula, and described the special strengths of their programmes. Comments from present and former students of several bioinformatics degree programmes were also solicited. Except where individuals are directly quoted, any opinions expressed herein should be considered the author's. Compared with its sister piece [Marion Zatz, in previous issue of Briefings in Bioinformatics pp. 353], this paper is less about funding policy--which, in the UK, has lately (if belatedly) been more generous towards bioinformatics teaching--than it is about practice and content; the requirements of the bioinformatics research communities, the corresponding emphases of bioinformatics courses, and the general market for holders of bioinformatics degrees. Individual courses are cited throughout as examples, but the final section contains a full annotated listing with URL addresses. Based on the author's own experience of practising and teaching bioinformatics, he describes the skills he believes will be most useful to bioinformaticians in the near future and suggests ways to prepare students of bioinformatics for a fall in demand for those abilities.
journal_name
Brief Bioinformjournal_title
Briefings in bioinformaticsauthors
Counsell Ddoi
10.1093/bib/4.1.7keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-03-01 00:00:00pages
7-21issue
1eissn
1467-5463issn
1477-4054journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:MOTIVATION:Computational methods accelerate drug discovery and play an important role in biomedicine, such as molecular property prediction and compound-protein interaction (CPI) identification. A key challenge is to learn useful molecular representation. In the early years, molecular properties are mainly calculated b...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa266
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::The adoption of agent technologies and multi-agent systems constitutes an emerging area in bioinformatics. In this article, we report on the activity of the Working Group on Agents in Bioinformatics (BIOAGENTS) founded during the first AgentLink III Technical Forum meeting on the 2nd of July, 2004, in Rome. The meetin...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type:
doi:10.1093/bib/bbl014
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CyanoPATH is a database that curates and analyzes the common genomic functional repertoire for cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in eutrophic waters. Based on the literature of empirical studies and genome/protein databases, it summarizes four types of information: common biological functions (pathways) d...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa375
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::RNA-seq has been an increasingly popular high-throughput platform to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes, which is much more reproducible and accurate than the previous microarray technology. Yet, a number of statistical issues remain to be resolved in data analysis, largely due to the high-throughput data vo...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/bib/bbv035
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dissecting the genetic mechanism underlying a complex disease hinges on discovering gene-environment interactions (GXE). However, detecting GXE is a challenging problem especially when the genetic variants under study are rare. Haplotype-based tests have several advantages over the so-called collapsing tests for detec...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbz031
更新日期:2020-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::Recent development of high-throughput technology has accelerated interest in the development of molecular biomarker classifiers for safety assessment, disease diagnostics and prognostics, and prediction of response for patient assignment. This article reviews and evaluates some important aspects and key issues in the ...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/bib/bbp016
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been declared a global health emergency. G-quadruplex structures in genomes have long been considered essential for regulating a number of biological processes in a plethora of organisms. We have analyzed and identified 25 four contiguous GG runs (G2NxG2NyG2N...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa114
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While leading to millions of people's deaths every year the treatment of viral infectious diseases remains a huge public health challenge.Therefore, an in-depth understanding of human-virus protein-protein interactions (PPIs) as the molecular interface between a virus and its host cell is of paramount importance to ob...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa425
更新日期:2021-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Occurrence and development of cancers are governed by complex networks of interacting intercellular and intracellular signals. The technology of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting the interplay between the cancer cells and the associated microenvironment. Here w...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbz040
更新日期:2020-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::Mediation analysis has been a useful tool for investigating the effect of mediators that lie in the path from the independent variable to the outcome. With the increasing dimensionality of mediators such as in (epi)genomics studies, high-dimensional mediation model is needed. In this work, we focus on epigenetic studi...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa113
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relative changes in mRNA as well as protein levels induced by sublethal doses of antibiotics on bacteria are measured and results visualised in the context of metabolic pathway diagrams. The mRNA levels present at a given time point after the addition of the antibiotic are measured using microarrays from Affymetrix. A...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/1.3.297
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) facilitate the delivery of therapeutically relevant molecules, including DNA, proteins and oligonucleotides, into cells both in vitro and in vivo. This unique ability explores the possibility of CPPs as therapeutic delivery and its potential applications in clinical therapy. Over the l...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bby124
更新日期:2020-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Verification in phylogenetics represents an extremely difficult subject. Phylogenetic analysis deals with the reconstruction of evolutionary histories of species, and as long as mankind is not able to travel in time, it will not be possible to verify deep evolutionary histories reconstructed with modern computational ...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbq079
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers have long been presented with the challenge imposed by the role of genetic heterogeneity in drug response. For many years, Pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics has been investigating the influence of an individual's genetic background to drug response and disposition. More recently, the human gut micr...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa292
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circular RNA (circRNA) is a group of RNA family generated by RNA circularization, which was discovered ubiquitously across different species and tissues. However, there is no global view of tissue specificity for circRNAs to date. Here we performed the comprehensive analysis to characterize the features of human and m...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbw081
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profile in liquid biopsy has been utilized to diagnose early-stage disease and estimate therapy response. However, typical clinical procedures are capable of purifying only very small amounts of cfDNA. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is the gold standard for measuring DNA...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa332
更新日期:2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::A number of supervised machine learning models have recently been introduced for the prediction of drug-target interactions based on chemical structure and genomic sequence information. Although these models could offer improved means for many network pharmacology applications, such as repositioning of drugs for new t...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbu010
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An initiative to increase biopharmaceutical research productivity by capturing, sharing and computationally integrating proprietary scientific discoveries with public knowledge is described. This initiative involves both organisational process change and multiple interoperating software systems. The software component...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/4.3.260
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleosomes contribute to compacting the genome into the nucleus and regulate the physical access of regulatory proteins to DNA either directly or through the epigenetic modifications of the histone tails. Precise mapping of nucleosome positioning across the genome is, therefore, essential to understanding the genome ...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbu037
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) play their regulatory roles through posttranscriptional target decay or translational inhibition. For both plants and animals, these regulatory events were previously considered to take place in cytoplasm, as mature miRNAs were observed to be exported to the cytoplasm for Argonaute (AGO)...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbx069
更新日期:2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Small noncoding RNAs (sRNA/sncRNAs) are generated from different genomic loci and play important roles in biological processes, such as cell proliferation and the regulation of gene expression. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided an unprecedented opportunity to discover and quantify diverse kinds of sncRNA, ...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbz151
更新日期:2021-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate inference of orthologous genes is a pre-requisite for most comparative genomics studies, and is also important for functional annotation of new genomes. Identification of orthologous gene sets typically involves phylogenetic tree analysis, heuristic algorithms based on sequence conservation, synteny analysis,...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbr030
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:So-called next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided the ability to sequence on a massive scale at low cost, enabling biologists to perform powerful experiments and gain insight into biological processes. BamView has been developed to visualize and analyse sequence reads from NGS platforms, which have bee...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbr073
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In early January 2020, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, was identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and readily available bioinformatics pipelines. In addition to virus discovery, these NGS technologies and bioinformatics resources are currently being e...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa386
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of different transcripts of a gene across samples can be analysed by whole-transcriptome microarrays. Reproducing results from published microarray data represents a challenge owing to the vast amounts of data and the large variety of preprocessing and filtering steps used before the actual analysis is ca...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbt011
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathway enrichment analysis has been widely used to identify cancer risk pathways, and contributes to elucidating the mechanism of tumorigenesis. However, most of the existing approaches use the outdated pathway information and neglect the complex gene interactions in pathway. Here, we first reviewed the existing wide...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbx091
更新日期:2019-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:MOTIVATION:With the recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies, the study of the genetic composition of living organisms has become more accessible for researchers. Several advances have been achieved because of it, especially in the health sciences. However, many challenges which emerge from the complexity of sequ...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/bib/bby072
更新日期:2019-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::In therapeutic research, the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products are necessarily tested on humans via clinical trials after an extensive and expensive preclinical development period. Methodologies such as computer modeling and clinical trial simulation (CTS) might represent a valuable option to reduce anima...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/bib/bbx055
更新日期:2018-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::RNA editing is a widespread co/posttranscriptional mechanism affecting primary RNAs by specific nucleotide modifications, which plays relevant roles in molecular processes including regulation of gene expression and/or the processing of noncoding RNAs. In recent years, the detection of editing sites has been improved ...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/bib/bbx129
更新日期:2019-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Exchanging and sharing scientific results are essential for researchers in the field of computational modelling. BioModels.net defines agreed-upon standards for model curation. A fundamental one, MIRIAM (Minimum Information Requested in the Annotation of Models), standardises the annotation and curation process of qua...
journal_title:Briefings in bioinformatics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bib/bbp056
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00