Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Recent proposals suggest that risk-stratified analyses of clinical trials be routinely performed to better enable tailoring of treatment decisions to individuals. Trial data can be stratified using externally developed risk models (eg, Framingham risk score), but such models are not always available. We sought to determine whether internally developed risk models, developed directly on trial data, introduce bias compared with external models. METHODS AND RESULTS:We simulated a large patient population with known risk factors and outcomes. Clinical trials were then simulated by repeatedly drawing from the patient population assuming a specified relative treatment effect in the experimental arm, which either did or did not vary according to a subject's baseline risk. For each simulated trial, 2 internal risk models were developed on either the control population only (internal controls only) or the whole trial population blinded to treatment (internal whole trial). Bias was estimated for the internal models by comparing treatment effect predictions to predictions from the external model. Under all treatment assumptions, internal models introduced only modest bias compared with external models. The magnitude of these biases was slightly smaller for internal whole trial models than for internal controls only models. Internal whole trial models were also slightly less sensitive to bias introduced by overfitting and less sensitive to falsely identifying the existence of variability in treatment effect across the risk spectrum compared with internal controls only models. CONCLUSIONS:Appropriately developed internal models produce relatively unbiased estimates of treatment effect across the spectrum of risk. When estimating treatment effect, internally developed risk models using both treatment arms should, in general, be preferred to models developed on the control population.
journal_name
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomesjournal_title
Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomesauthors
Burke JF,Hayward RA,Nelson JP,Kent DMdoi
10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000497subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
163-9issue
1eissn
1941-7713issn
1941-7705pii
CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000497journal_volume
7pub_type
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