Abstract:
:Surgery of the mind has a rather checkered past. Though its history begins with the prehistoric trephination of skulls to allow "evil spirits" to escape, the early- to mid-20th century saw a surge in the popularity of psychosurgery. The 2 prevailing operations were topectomy and leukotomy for the treatment of certain mental illnesses. Although they were modified and refined by several of their main practitioners, the effectiveness of and the ethics involved with these operations remained controversial. In 1947, Dr. J. Lawrence Pool and the Columbia-Greystone Associates sought to rigorously investigate the outcomes of specific psychosurgical procedures. Pool along with R. G. Heath and John Weber believed that nonexcessive bifrontal cortical ablation could successfully treat certain mental illnesses without the undesired consequences of irreversible personality changes. They conducted this investigation at the psychiatric hospital at Greystone Park near Morristown, New Jersey. Despite several encouraging findings of the Columbia-Greystone project, psychosurgery practices began to decline significantly in the 1950s. The uncertainty of results and ethical debates related to side effects made these procedures unpopular. Further, groups such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the American Civil Liberties Union condemned the use of psychosurgery, believing it to be an inhumane form of treatment. Today, there are strict guidelines that must be adhered to when evaluating a patient for psychosurgery procedures. It is imperative for the neurosurgery community to remember the history of psychosurgery to provide the best possible current treatment and to search for better future treatments for a particularly vulnerable patient population.
journal_name
Neurosurg Focusjournal_title
Neurosurgical focusauthors
Holland R,Kopel D,Carmel PW,Prestigiacomo CJdoi
10.3171/2017.6.FOCUS17259subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-01 00:00:00pages
E7issue
3issn
1092-0684journal_volume
43pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Since the earliest recorded history of medicine, physicians have been challenged by the difficulty in relieving the great pain experienced by individuals suffering from trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The nature of the pain and the events that incite it have been well described, but effective treatments with acceptable lev...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
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doi:10.3171/foc.2001.10.4.4
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doi:10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09148
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
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doi:10.3171/2017.3.FOCUS16534
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/2014.1.FOCUS13504
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/FOC-07/08/E1
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/2010.6.FOCUS10135
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2011.7.FOCUS11105
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
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doi:10.3171/foc.2002.12.1.4
更新日期:2002-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2012.6.FOCUS12137
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
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doi:10.3171/2015.V1.FOCUS14548
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/foc.2007.22.3.8
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doi:10.3171/2020.11.FOCUS20783
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/foc.2005.18.2.6
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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doi:10.3171/2020.1.FOCUS19899
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/foc.1997.3.1.5
更新日期:1997-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Lumbosacral interbody fusion may be indicated to treat degenerative disc disease at L5-S1, instability or spondylolisthesis at that level, and severe neural foraminal stenosis resulting from loss of disc space height. In addition, L5-S1 interbody fusion may provide anterior support to a long posterior fusion construct...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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