Abstract:
:This paper reviews studies of supplement use among child and adolescent athletes, focusing on prevalence and type of supplement use, as well as gender comparisons. Supplement use among adult athletes has been well documented however there are a limited number of studies investigating supplement use by child and adolescent athletes. A trend in the current literature revealed that the most frequently used supplements are in the form of vitamin and minerals. While health and illness prevention are the main reasons for taking supplements, enhanced athletic performance was also reported as a strong motivating factor. Generally, females are found to use supplements more frequently and are associated with reasons of health, recovery, and replacing an inadequate diet. Males are more likely to report taking supplements for enhanced performance. Both genders equally rated increased energy as another reason for engaging in supplement use. Many dietary supplements are highly accessible to young athletes and they are particularly vulnerable to pressures from the media and the prospect of playing sport at increasingly elite levels. Future research should provide more direct evidence regarding any physiological side effects of taking supplements, as well as the exact vitamin and mineral requirements for child and adolescent athletes. Increased education for young athletes regarding supplement use, parents and coaches should to be targeted to help the athletes make the appropriate choices. Key pointsSupplement use among the child and adolescent athlete population is widespread with the most frequently used supplement being a form of vitamin/mineral supplement.The effects of supplement use on the growth and development of children and adolescents remain unclear and thus use of supplements by this population should be discouraged.It is likely that there is a misunderstanding as to the role of vitamins and minerals in the diet, their function in maintaining overall health, their role in athletic performance, and how they are best obtained from the diet therefore further education for adolescent athletes and athletes in general is needed.
journal_name
J Sports Sci Medjournal_title
Journal of sports science & medicineauthors
McDowall JAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
337-42issue
3issn
1303-2968journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::It is known that impact forces increase with running velocity as well as when stride length increases. Since stride length naturally changes with changes in submaximal running velocity, it was not clear which factor, running velocity or stride length, played a critical role in determining impact characteristics. The a...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effect of walk training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the size of blood flow-restricted distal muscles, as well as, on the size of non-restricted muscles in the proximal limb and trunk. Nine men performed walk training with BFR and 8 men performed walk training alone. Training was condu...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sensation of joint stiffness is frequently observed after eccentric contractions (ECs) in human, but the joint stiffness of animals after ECs has not been examined previously. This study tested whether a bout of ECs affects rat ankle joint stiffness. We also evaluate muscle passive tension in the rat hindlimb to e...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be used to prevent strength loss associated with post-surgical immobilization. Most studies testing the effectiveness of NMES have trained the knee extensors. The purpose of this investigation was to test the effectiveness of NMES when training the elbow flexors. Twenty-...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was conducted to study the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Indian National boxers as well as to assess the cardiovascular adaptation to graded exercise and actual boxing round. Two different studies were conducted. In the first study [N = 60, (junior boxers below-19 yr...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of the Aerobic Power Index (API) submaximal cardiorespiratory exercise test, as well as associated variables of oxygen uptake (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in cancer patients who are generally unable to complete maximal or lengt...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for sports injuries in professional basketball. An observational retrospective cohort study involving a male professional basketball team, using game tracking data was conducted during three consecutive seasons. Thirty-three professional basketba...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine modulation of pre- activity related to different types and heights of deep jump. Sixteen male soccer players without experience in deep jumps training (the national competition; 15.0 ± 0.5yrs; weight 61.9 ± 6.1kg; height 1.77 ± 0.07m), who participated in the study, performed...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mountain endurance running has increased in popularity in recent years. Thus the aim of the present study was to determine if maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and energy cost of running (Cr) measured during level and uphill running are associated. Ten high level male endurance mountain runners performed three maximal ox...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the difficulty of measuring forces and torques acting on a swimmer during mid-pool swimming, an inverse dynamics approach is required. Personalised body segment parameter (BSP) data enabling calculation of net forces and torques can be obtained using the elliptical zone method. The purpose of this study was to ...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to test a motivational model of the coach-athlete relationship, based on self-determination theory and on the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The sample comprised of 608 athletes (ages of 12-17 years) completed the following measures: interest in athlete's input,...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forehand groundstroke effectiveness is important for tennis success. Ball topspin angular velocity (TAV) and accuracy are important for forehand groundstroke effectiveness, and have been extensively studied, previously; despite previous, quality studies, it was unclear whether certain racquet kinematics relate to ball...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A career as an elite-class male athlete seems to improve metabolic heath in later life and is also associated with longer life expectancy. Telomere length is a biomarker of biological cellular ageing and could thus predict morbidity and mortality. The main aim of this study was to assess the association between vigoro...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of the study were to determine the validity and reliability of peak velocity (PV), average velocity (AV), peak power (PP) and average power (AP) measurements were made using a linear position transducer. Validity was assessed by comparing measurements simultaneously obtained using the Tendo Weightliftin...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to analyze the responses of women to the repeated bout effect (RBE) and to a short eccentric training program. Twenty-four young females were randomly assigned to a training group (TG, n = 14) or a control group (CG, n = 10). They performed two identical acute eccentric bouts (120 repetitions...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of performance indicators related to scoring points and winning is needed to inform tactical approaches to international rugby sevens competition. The aim of this study was to characterize team performance indicators in international rugby sevens and quantify their relationship with a team's points scor...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of the study were to determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) measured at rest and during exercise could be altered by an exercise training programme designed to increase walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Forty-four volunteers were randomised into 12 weeks of either: supe...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our aim was to test the normality of physical activity patterns and energy expenditures in normal weight and overweight primary school students. Heart rate estimates of total daily energy expenditure (TEE), active energy expenditure (AEE), and activity patterns were made over 3 consecutive school days in healthy middl...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The difference in the efficacy of altered stimulation parameters in whole-body-electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training remains largely unexplored. However, higher impulse frequencies (>50 Hz) might be most adequate for strength gain. The aim of this study was to analyze potential differences in sports-related performa...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of a pre-workout energy supplement on acute multi- joint resistance exercise was examined in eight resistance-trained college-age men. Subjects were randomly provided either a placebo (P) or a supplement (S: containing caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, creatine, β-alanine, and the amino acids; leucine, i...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether the excessive spikes observed in the surface electromyography (sEMG) spectrum recorded during whole-body vibration (WBV) exercises contain motion artifacts and/or reflex activity. The occurrence of motion artifacts was tested by electrical recordings of the patella. T...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concurrent improvements in aerobic capacity and muscle hypertrophy in response to a single mode of training have not been reported. We examined the effects of low-intensity cycle exercise training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle size and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). A group of 19 young men (...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Older individuals, as a group, tend to experience difficulty sleeping compared to younger adults. Improving sleep in the elderly would have beneficial public health consequences. This study utilized 8 sedentary, older adults, 78.1 ± 3.1 years of age, who participated in a six-month long resistance training (RT) progra...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) is declining among Chinese children and youth. The 20-meter shuttle run test (20-m SRT) is considered the most effective and widely used field-based measurement of CRE for children and youth worldwide. However, there have been few attempts to set 20-m...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2020-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::An unfused acromial epiphysis, called os acromiale, can become unstable and mobile when the deltoid contracts. This may cause pain and lead to impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tearing. After sustaining a direct blow to the right shoulder, a male division I basketball player was diagnosed with impingement syndrome...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This aims of this study were twofold; 1) to development a new scale of perceived velocity in the bench press exercise and 2) to examine the scales concurrent validity. Twenty one physically active males with mean ±SD age, height and weights of: 27.5 ± 4.7 years, 1.77 ± 0.07 m, and 79.8 ± 10.3 kg respectively, took par...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a 14-week dynamic Whole-Body Electrostimulation (WB-EMS) training program on muscular strength, soccer relevant sprint, jump and kicking velocity performance in elite soccer players during competitive season. Twenty-two field-players were assigned to 2 grou...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been few studies examining the short-term effect of high-impact activities on bone metabolism measured by bone serum marker concentrations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term high-impact jump activity on bone turnover in female college-aged non-athletes. Twenty six healthy fem...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During rugby game, or intensive rugby training there are many high intensity explosive exercises and eccentric muscle contractions, therefore adequate recovery is very important to rugby players. In the present study we have tested the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) after game-simulated (80 min.) rugby training...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to cross-validate the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) by Vlachopoulos and Michailidou, 2006 in a Spanish context. Two studies were conducted. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the hypothesized three-factor solution In addition, we documen...
journal_title:Journal of sports science & medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00