解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Nitrilases are widely distributed in nature and are able to hydrolyze nitriles into their corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia. In industry, nitrilases have been used as green biocatalysts for the production of high value-added products. To date, biocatalysts are considered to be important alternatives to chemic...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1827367
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Triterpenoid saponins are structurally diverse secondary metabolites. They are the main active ingredient of many medicinal plants and have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Traditional production of triterpenoid saponins, directly extracted from cultivated plants, cannot meet the rapidly growing demand of phar...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1869691
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Endophytic microbes are present in nearly all of the plant species known to date but how they enter and flourish inside a host plant and display multiple benefits like plant growth promotion (PGP), biodegradation, and stress alleviation are still unexplored. Until now, the majority of the research has been conducted a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1808584
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal biopolymers have gained considerable attention from the scientific community for various applications due to their biological and physicochemical properties. The wide applications in several areas, especially in the food industry as a bioemulsifier and in the agricultural area as a biosurfactant, have expanded ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1805405
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial bio-transformations of the essential trace element selenium are now recognized to occur among a wide variety of microorganisms. These transformations are used to convert this element into its assimilated form of selenocysteine, which is at the active center of a number of key enzymes, and to produce selenium...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1811199
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic engineering is crucial in the development of production strains for platform chemicals, pharmaceuticals and biomaterials from renewable resources. The central carbon metabolism (CCM) of heterotrophs plays an essential role in the conversion of biomass to the cellular building blocks required for growth. Yet,...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1785386
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, often pose a serious risk not only when delivered in the bloodstream but also in air, the environment and several industrial fields such as pharmaceutics or food. LPS is constituted of three regions; the O-specific chain, th...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1709797
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a host for therapeutic protein expression, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely utilized in the mainstream biopharmaceutical industry. Cell culture process development plays an important role in transitioning laboratory research to manufacturing. Among different mathematic tools, kinetic modeling is commonl...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1711015
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Filamentous fungi comprise an abundance of gene clusters that encode high-value metabolites, whereas affluent gene clusters remain silent during laboratory conditions. Complex cellular metabolism further limits these metabolite yields. Therefore, diverse strategies such as genetic engineering and chemical mutagenesis ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1709798
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoremediation uses plants and associated microbes to remove pollutants from the environment and is considered a promising bioremediation method. Compared with well-described single contaminant treatments, the number of studies reporting phytoremediation of soil mixed pollutants has increased recently. Endophytes, i...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1675582
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since several decades ago, the application of pervaporation (PV) technology has been mainly aimed at the separation of different types of water-organic, organic-water and organic-organic mixtures, reaching its large-scale application in industry for the dehydration of organics. Today, the versatility and high selectiv...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1631248
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of rice agronomic traits are complex, multi factorial and polygenic. As the mechanisms and genes determining grain size and yield are largely unknown, the identification of regulatory genes related to grain development remains a preeminent approach in rice genetic studies and breeding programs. Genes re...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1632257
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to serious eutrophication in water bodies, nitrogen removal has become a critical stage for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) over past decades. Conventional biological nitrogen removal processes are based on nitrification and denitrification (N/DN), and are suffering from several major drawbacks, including subs...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1598333
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::l-Leucine, as an essential branched-chain amino acid for humans and animals, has recently been attracting much attention because of its potential for a fast-growing market demand. The applicability ranges from flavor enhancers, animal feed additives and ingredients in cosmetic to specialty nutrients in pharmaceutical ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1577214
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grapes are one of the most cultivated fruit crops worldwide. Either for wine or juice production, grape processing generates a large amount of residues that must be treated, disposed of or reused properly to reduce their pollution load before being applied to the soil. In this review, a special focus is given to the t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1555514
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small RNAs (sRNA) are reported to play pivotal roles in the epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during growth, development, and stress response in plants. Recently, the involvement of two different classes of sRNAs namely, miRNAs (microRNAs), and siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) in biotic ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2019.1597830
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Innovation holds the potential for economic prosperity. Biotechnology (BT) has proved to be a viable vehicle for the development and utilization of technologies, which has brought not only advances to society, but also career opportunities to nation-states that have enabling conditions. In this review, we assess the c...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1498443
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microorganisms have the tendency to accumulate at interfaces through the release of extracellular polymeric substances to form aggregates such as films or flocs. This physical association leads to different modes of interactions among cells and the subsequent development of functionally and metabolically diverse conso...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1451984
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerobic granules are the potential tools to develop modern wastewater treatment technologies with improved nutrient removal efficiency. These granules have several promising advantages over conventional activated sludge-based wastewater treatment processes. This technology has the potential of reducing the infrastruct...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1451481
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Utilization of microbial oil for biodiesel production has gained growing interest due to the increase in prices and the shortage of the oils and fats traditionally used in biodiesel production. However, it is still in the laboratory study stage due to the high cost of production. Employing organic wastes as raw materi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1418733
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein glycosylation is post-translational modification (PTM) which is important for pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics. As a result of variations in monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages and glycan branching, glycosylation introduces considerable complexity and het...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1416577
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can interfere with endocrine systems and bio-accumulate through the food chain and even decrease biodiversity in contaminated areas. This review discusses a critical overview of recent research progress in the biotransformation of EDCs (including polychlorinated biphenyl and nonyl...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1386613
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mushrooms have become increasingly important as a reliable food source. They have also been recognized as an important source of bioactive compounds of high nutritional and medicinal values. The nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides found in mushrooms play important roles in the regulation of various physiological ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1399102
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythritol is a natural sweetener commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Produced by microorganisms as an osmoprotectant, it is an ideal sucrose substitute for diabetics or overweight persons due to its almost zero calorie content. Currently, erythritol is produced on an industrial scale through the ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1380598
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a process technology with potential for application in different areas including environmental, food processing, and biofuels production. Although HC is an undesirable phenomenon for hydraulic equipment, the net energy released during this process is enough to accelerate certain chemica...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1369932
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Butanol is a precursor of many industrial chemicals, and a fuel that is more energetic, safer and easier to handle than ethanol. Fermentative biobutanol can be produced using renewable carbon sources such as agro-industrial residues and lignocellulosic biomass. Solventogenic clostridia are known as the most preeminent...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1376308
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteases have a broad range of applications in industrial processes and products and are representative of most worldwide enzyme sales. The genus Bacillus is probably the most important bacterial source of proteases and is capable of producing high yields of neutral and alkaline proteolytic enzymes with remarkable pr...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1354354
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terpenes are natural products with a remarkable diversity in their chemical structures and they hold a significant market share commercially owing to their distinct applications. These potential molecules are usually derived from terrestrial plants, marine and microbial sources. In vitro production of terpenes using p...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1299679
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer is a clinical situation caused by uncontrolled cell division and is responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide. Colchicine is a classical antimitotic, tubulin-binding agent (TBA) which is being explored for its antitumor activities, although its tubulin-binding ability leads to some toxicity toward norm...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1303804
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well-recognized for their potential as natural food preservatives. These antimicrobial peptides usually do not change the sensorial properties of food products and can be used in combination with traditional preservation methods to ensure microbial stability. In ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2016.1262323
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of new gene-editing technologies is profoundly transforming human therapeutics, agriculture, and industrial biotechnology. Advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) have created a fertile environment for mass-scale manufacturing of cost-effective products ranging from...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07388551.2016.1271768
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is a convenient and relatively simple model for investigating the basic principles of secondary metabolism regulation. In recent years, many publications have described links between anthocyanin biosynthesis and general defense reactions in plants as well as photomorphogenesis a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2016.1141391
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Triacylglycerol (TAG) serves as an energy reservoir and phospholipids as build blocks of biomembrane to support plant life. They also provide human with foods and nutrients. Multi-compartmentalized biosynthesis, trafficking or cross-membrane transport of lipid intermediates or precursors and their regulatory mechanism...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2016.1212185
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, foods that contain omega-3 lipids have emerged as important promoters of human health. These lipids are essential for the functional development of the brain and retina, and reduction of the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases. The global market for omega-3 production, particularly docosah...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2016.1213221
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Gram-positive bacterium, has been widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as glutamate and lysine, for decades. Due to several characteristics - its ability to secrete properly folded and functional target proteins into culture broth, its low levels of endogenous ex...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07388551.2016.1206059
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Affinity tags are vital tools for the production of high-throughput recombinant proteins. Several affinity tags, such as the hexahistidine tag, maltose-binding protein, streptavidin-binding peptide tag, calmodulin-binding peptide, c-Myc tag, glutathione S-transferase and FLAG tag, have been introduced for recombinant ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2016.1163323
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endotoxin is a type of pyrogen that can be found in Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin can form a stable interaction with other biomolecules thus making its removal difficult especially during the production of biopharmaceutical drugs. The prevention of endotoxins from contaminating biopharmaceutical products is paramo...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2016.1141393
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Briskly evolving phytopathogens are dire threats to our food supplies and threaten global food security. From the recent advances made toward high-throughput sequencing technologies, understanding of pathogenesis and effector biology, and plant innate immunity, translation of these means into new control tools is bein...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2015.1134437
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial diversity provides an immense reservoir of functions and supports key steps in maintaining ecosystem balance through matter decomposition processes and nutrient recycling. The use of microorganisms for biomolecule production is now common, but often involves single-strain cultures. In this review, we highlig...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2015.1100584
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2014 Ebola outbreak, the largest recorded, took us largely unprepared, with no available vaccine or specific treatment. In this context, the World Health Organization declared that the humanitarian use of experimental therapies against Ebola Virus (EBOV) is ethical. In particular, an experimental treatment consist...
journal_title:Critical reviews in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07388551.2015.1114465
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00