Abstract：
:1. The choice of initial pharmacological therapy is one area where the different hypertension management guidelines vary in recommending either the use of diuretics and beta-blockers as preferred drugs or choosing from any of the five major classes of antihypertensives. 2. Improvement in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality may have been shown most conclusively with diuretics and beta-blockers, but the effects on coronary events with these drugs were less than predicted and the other agents have a number of theoretical advantages. 3. Recent worries regarding the possible adverse effects of calcium antagonists have led to a reappraisal of the risks and benefits of these drugs and antihypertensives in general. 4. Many patients, particularly the elderly, have other conditions that influence the choice of first-line therapy and ethnic variations in the effects of hypertension or the efficacy or side effects of drugs should also be taken into account. 5. There is considerable heterogeneity within the major categories of antihypertensive drugs, so it is important to distinguish the different subgroups, dosages and formulations that may be used.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Tomlinson Bdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02733.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-12-01 00:00:00pages
978-81issue
12eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:1. This study investigated components of blood pressure variability in elderly subjects with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) using both ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and casual clinic blood pressure measurement. These were then used to determine sample size requirements for clinical trials of differ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00455.x
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The efficacy of coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) was examined for the regulation of hyperthyroidism in female rats. 2. Coumarin was administered (10 mg/kg per day for 15 days) to l-thyroxine (L-T(4))-induced hyperthyroid as well as to euthyroid rats and changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and in associate...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04701.x
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Responses of the toad isolated rectus abdominis muscle to cumulative doses of carbachol were recorded in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of cimetidine or ranitidine. The corresponding cumulative log concentration-response curves for carbachol were then plotted for each antagonist studied. Cimetidine ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00946.x
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. beta(3)-Adrenoceptors (AR) have been reported to be present in numerous species, where they mediate multiple responses. 2. The aim of the present study was to determine whether beta(3)-AR are present in intact rat heart and the functional implications of beta(3)-AR stimulation. The response to the cardiac beta(3)-A...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04633.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Afferent splanchnic nerve stimulation with different frequencies in Wistar Kyoto rats caused depressor and pressor responses depending on the frequency employed. Similar visceral afferent activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats caused depressor responses at all frequencies of stimulation. It is suggested that th...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1985.tb00300.x
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have previously demonstrated that a low and intermittent peripheral dose of rapamycin (1 mg/kg three times/week) to rats inhibited mTORC1 signalling, but avoided the hyperlipidemia and diabetes-like syndrome associated with higher doses of rapamycin. The dosing regimen reduced food intake, body weight, adi...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12601
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Telomeres (ends of chromosomes) undergo constant remodelling during cell development, proliferation and differentiation, as well as in neoplastic cell immortalization and transformation. How the cellular microenvironment influences telomere remodelling (lengthening or shortening) remains largely unknown. 2. Recentl...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05251.x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A high-salt diet in rats has been shown to result in enhanced vasoconstrictor and/or reduced vasodilator responses of isolated arteries to agonists. The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of dietary salt on the responses of the pressurized mesenteric resistance artery of the dog to constricto...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04069.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol-induced hypertension is well recognized with clear evidence for a direct pressor effect of chronic alcohol consumption provided by a number of intervention studies in humans. In experimental animals, the effect of alcohol on blood pressure is less consistent; however, in Sprague-Dawley rats, alcohol feeding co...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04337.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In a controlled, randomized double-blind trial, 15 patients with essential hypertension were treated with enalapril 5-20 mg/day, or doxazosin 1-8 mg/day, during a 7 week dose titration phase. This was followed by 7 weeks of combined treatment with doxazosin and enalapril. 2. Blood was taken after a 2 week placebo r...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00456.x
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Infections and related sepsis are two of the most prevalent issues in the care of critically ill patients, with mortality as high as 70%. Appropriate antibiotic selection, as well as adequate dosing, is important to improve the clinical outcome for these patients. 2. β-Lactams are the most common antibiotic class u...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05715.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on 28 reported patients, constant features of the syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia are hyperkalaemia, hyperchloraemia, normal renal glomerular function and, in all adult patients, hypertension. Inconstant features include short stature, intellectual impairment and muscle weakness. Levels of renin and a...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00358.x
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study hypothesized that different types of anaesthesia management would result in similar postoperative sleep quality. In this prospective single-blind investigation, 219 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were randomized into three arms: general anaesthesia, as the control group (group C); general ana...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12530
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have tested the effects of 2 month oral treatment with the KATP opener, nitric oxide (NO) donor and anti-oxidant molecule nicorandil (0.1 mg/kg per day) on major physiological parameters and heart function of 4-, 12- and 24-month-old rats. 2. Several methods were used: (i) measurement of blood pressure using a n...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03679.x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate whether enoxaparin (ENX) administration would increase seroma risk and worsen mesh tissue recovery in an experimental rat hernia repair model. Fifty-six adult male Wistar-Albino rats were included in the study. Rats were equally and randomly separated into seven groups: Group 1...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12582
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Levodopa markedly reduces parkinsonism during the first years of treatment. However, with continued therapy the response to levodopa becomes erratic and is complicated by involuntary movements. To improve the therapy of parkinsonism, the challenge is to understand why fluctuations in response develop and, once deve...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01946.x
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma levels of nitrite/nitrite (NO(x)) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy young men and women. 2. Brachial artery FMD was assessed non-invasively using high-resolution ultrasound in 36 young men and women (21 +/- 3 years; 18 ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04715.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. To investigate the pharmacological effects of T-1095, this novel derivative of phlorizin was administered to GK rats for 8 weeks. T-1095 treatment significantly lowered plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, but did not significantly affect bodyweight. 2. T-1095 treatment did not affect 3.3 mmo...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03671.x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation of inactive renin during incubation of human plasma with puff adder venom at pH 7.4 was found to be a complex process. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 indicated that the venom contains a major peak of caseinolytic and renin-activating activity of low molecular weight. This enzyme was a metalloproteina...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00112.x
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Rapid ventricular rate (VR) and rhythm irregularity during atrial fibrillation (AF) impair cardiac performance. Although digoxin has been widely used in patients with AF, its efficacy for the control of VR and rhythm irregularity is unsatisfactory. Whether low-dose amiodarone is more effective remains unclear. 2. W...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03454.x
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of anticholinergic drug oxybutynin on voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Oxybutynin inhibited vascular Kv channels in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 11.51 ± 0.38 μmol/L and a Hill coefficient (n) of ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13138
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Na+/H+ exchange, an ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA)-sensitive Na+ and HCO3- dependent system and a diisothio-cyanatostilbenedisulphonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive Na+ and HCO3- transporter, contribute to sodium influx and intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in vascular smooth muscle. 2. In cultured cells from the human int...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01419.x
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neuropathy target esterase (NTE), and carboxylesterase (CbxE) were compared in neuroblastoma cells of human origin (SH-SY5Y) and murine origin (NB41A3). 2. Mouse neuroblastoma cells had lower specific activities of NTE and CbxE than did human neuroblastoma cells; specific ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02027.x
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Amino acid neurotransmitters are critical for controlling the activity of most central neurons, including sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN), the spinal cord neurons involved in controlling blood pressure and other autonomic functions. 2. In studies reviewed here, SPN were identified either by retrograde traci...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03664.x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of ATP and some of its more stable analogues have been examined upon preparations of epididymal and prostatic halves of vasa deferentia and of cauda epididymides from rats that had undergone vasectomy by medial transection of the vas deferens. 2. After unilateral vasectomy, the potencies of ATP, beta, g...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01358.x
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors slows the rate of progression of nephropathy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Paradoxically, however, chronic ACE inhibitor therapy has been reported to be associated with induction of ACE in the plasma. W...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01226.x
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The contractile effects of tea polyphenols (TP) and its four principle catechins, namely (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on rat aorta contractility were investigated using the isometric tension recording technique. 2. At co...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03796.x
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) is a drug efflux transporter that is believed to affect the drug disposition of several drugs and xenobiotics. In the present study, we evaluated the localization and functional expression of BCRP in the human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo, an in vitro model of the hu...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04324.x
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Activation of bulbospinal neurons projecting from the C1 area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla evokes a pressor response. The nature of the neurotransmitters involved in mediating this response at spinal cord level has not been established. 2. Amino acid antagonists were introduced into the spinal subarachnoid ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01056.x
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The acute effects of captopril on blood pressure, renin, angiotensin, bradykinin and catecholamines were examined in patients with essential (n = 10, Group 1), accelerated (n = 6, Group 2) and renal hypertension (n = 14, Group 3). 2. Blood pressure showed little change in Group 1, fell significantly in Group 2, wit...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00097.x
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
