Abstract:
:The instrument through which a commissioner purchases health services from a provider is, as in other walks of life, a contract, so considerable importance has been attached by the NHS Executive to the contracting mechanism. A contract should in theory influence the quality of the service provided, but they are in many cases an inappropriate vehicle for driving clinical care. Much clinical activity is related to the management of chronic diseases and the effects of aging. The implicit contract here is based not on process and outcome measures but on mutual trust between doctors and patients that the doctors will provide the best care they can within budgetary constraints.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Hopkins A,Solomon JKdoi
10.1136/bmj.313.7055.477subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-08-24 00:00:00pages
477-8issue
7055eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
313pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the cost effectiveness of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) selective inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the addition of proton pump inhibitors to these treatments, for people with osteoarthritis. DESIGN:An economic evaluation using a Markov model and data ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.b2538
更新日期:2009-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HBV vaccination has reduced the prevalence Of HBV infection, the burden of disease remains high. Treatment with antiviral drugs reduces the risk of liver disease and the development of HCC, and it...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.h4263
更新日期:2015-10-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety of withholding anticoagulant treatment from patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis but normal findings on compression ultrasonography. DESIGN:Compression ultrasonography was done with a simplified diagnostic procedure limited to the common femoral vein in the groin and...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7124.17
更新日期:1998-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::In a one year prospective study within the Trent Regional Health Authority the demand for neonatal intensive care was estimated to be 1.1 cots per 1000 births. Intensive care level 1 (as defined by the British Paediatric Association and British Association for Perinatal Paediatrics) was determined by two separate tech...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6711.1305
更新日期:1989-11-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. PARTICIPANTS:261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 c...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.g4164
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the accuracy of diagnoses of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis entered by general practitioners on a computer system. To compare recording of clinical events on computer with written records. DESIGN:Examination of case notes of all patients with a computer diagnosis of psychosis. Search...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6895.32
更新日期:1993-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish whether there is evidence of the efficacy of homoeopathy from controlled trials in humans. DESIGN:Criteria based meta-analysis. Assessment of the methodological quality of 107 controlled trials in 96 published reports found after an extensive search. Trials were scored using a list of predefined...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6772.316
更新日期:1991-02-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To summarise evidence on the association between white rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and to quantify the potential dose-response relation. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES:Searches of Medline and Embase databases for articles published up to January 2012 using...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.e1454
更新日期:2012-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relation between mothers' self reported drinking habits before, during, and after pregnancy and infants' mental and motor development at 18 months of age. DESIGN:Follow up study of all singleton live births born to primigravidas living in Dundee and booked into antenatal clinics from 1 May 1...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6793.22
更新日期:1991-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether occupational exposure among commercial airline cabin attendants are associated with risk of cancer. DESIGN:Record linkage study. SETTING:Finland. SUBJECTS-1577 female and 187 male cabin attendants who had worked for the Finnish airline companies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Standardised incidenc...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7006.649
更新日期:1995-09-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To do an indirect comparison analysis of apixaban against dabigatran etexilate (2 doses) and rivaroxaban (1 dose), as well as of rivaroxaban against dabigatranetexilate (2 doses), for their relative efficacy and safety against each other, with particular focus on the secondary prevention population for stroke...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e7097
更新日期:2012-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine trends over time in the rates of admission to hospital for accidents of preschool children and to study patterns of repeated admissions for accidents in these children. DESIGN:Analysis of linked, routine abstracts of hospital inpatient records for accidents. SETTING:Six districts in the Oxford R...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6767.16
更新日期:1991-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The relations among parental reports of respiratory symptoms, bronchospasm measured after exercise, and the presence of visible fungal mould in the home was assessed in a population sample of 7 year old children (n = 873). Wheeze in the past year was the symptom most closely associated with reported dampness and parti...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6658.1223
更新日期:1988-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of the revised diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus adopted by the American Diabetes Association on prevalence of diabetes and on classification of patients. For epidemiological purposes the American criteria use a fasting plasma glucose concentration >=7.0 mmol/l in contrast with ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7155.371
更新日期:1998-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relative efficacy of the World Health Organization 2005 campaign (WHO-5) and other interventions to promote hand hygiene among healthcare workers in hospital settings and to summarize associated information on use of resources. DESIGN:Systematic review and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.h3728
更新日期:2015-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the implications of variation in mortality associated with use of weapons in different contexts. DESIGN:Literature review. SETTINGS:Armed conflicts and civilian mass shootings, 1929-96. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Mortality from wounds. RESULTS:During the fighting of war the number of people wounded...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7207.407
更新日期:1999-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Firstly, to assess the completeness of ascertainment in the National Congenital Anomaly System (NCAS), the basis for congenital anomaly surveillance in England and Wales, and its variation by defect, geographical area, and socioeconomic deprivation. Secondly, to assess the impact of the lack of data on pregna...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.38300.665301.3A
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of five probiotic preparations recommended to parents in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children. Design Randomised controlled clinical trial in collaboration with family paediatricians over 12 months. SETTING:Primary care. PARTICIPANTS:Children aged 3-36 months visiting a famil...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.39272.581736.55
更新日期:2007-08-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether inhaled salmeterol, a new long acting inhaled beta adrenergic agonist, reduces nocturnal bronchoconstriction and improves sleep quality in patients with nocturnal asthma. DESIGN:Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover study. SETTING:Hospital outpatient clinics in Edinburg...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6765.1365
更新日期:1990-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the global capacity (availability, accessibility, quality, and affordability) to deliver kidney replacement therapy (dialysis and transplantation) and conservative kidney management. DESIGN:International cross sectional survey. SETTING:International Society of Nephrology (ISN) survey of 182 cou...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.l5873
更新日期:2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effectiveness of post-diagnosis dementia treatment and coordination of care by memory clinics compared with general practitioners. DESIGN:Multicentre randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Nine memory clinics and 159 general practitioners in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS:175 patients with a ne...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.e3086
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether breast feeding is related to subsequent risk of breast cancer. DESIGN:Population based case-control study designed primarily to investigate the relation between oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer; data obtained from questionnaires administered by interviewers, general practi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6895.17
更新日期:1993-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia associated with coronary artery disease in diabetic subjects with that in controls of similar age and sex. DESIGN:A controlled study in which subjects with positive findings on exercise electrocardiography, 24 hour electrocardiographic recording, or dy...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6743.92
更新日期:1990-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::The benefits to medical practitioners of using the Internet are growing rapidly as the Internet becomes easier to use and ever more biomedical resources become available on line. The Internet is the largest computer network in the world; it is also a virtual community, larger than many nation states, with its own rule...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7017.1422
更新日期:1995-11-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare incidences of perinatal mortality and severe perinatal morbidity between low risk term pregnancies supervised in primary care by a midwife and high risk pregnancies supervised in secondary care by an obstetrician. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study using aggregated data from a national perinatal regi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.c5639
更新日期:2010-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY QUESTION:Does maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to tobacco smoke at age 4 months increase the risk of caries in deciduous teeth? METHODS:Population based retrospective cohort study of 76 920 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Kobe City, Japan who received municipal health check-ups at...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.h5397
更新日期:2015-10-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine whether the risk of breast cancer is increased by a recent term pregnancy. DESIGN:Population based case-control study. SETTING:Eight areas in the United States. SUBJECTS:Cases were 2279 multiparous women residents of the eight areas aged 25-49 who were diagnosed as having breast cancer during 19...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6945.1672
更新日期:1994-06-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare patient outcomes of restrictive versus liberal blood transfusion strategies in patients with cardiovascular disease not undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Randomised controlled trials involving a threshold for red blood cell transfusion in hospita...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.i1351
更新日期:2016-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and subsequent second malignancies (second primary cancers). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES:Medline and Embase up to 6 April 2015 with no restrictions on year...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.i851
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the current methods used by English medical schools to identify prospective medical students for admission to the five year degree course. DESIGN:Review study including documentary analysis and interviews with admissions tutors. SETTING:All schools (n = 22) participating in the national expansio...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.38768.590174.55
更新日期:2006-04-29 00:00:00