Abstract:
:In the wake of the death of an 11-year-old girl the Egyptian government has banned any government-affiliated medical staff from performing female circumcision. Egyptian health policy has shifted from trying to control the practice by keeping it under government supervision towards condemnation. In October 1995 the health minister banned female circumcision from being carried out in state hospitals, a direct reversal of a 1994 decree that asked state hospitals to set aside one day a week for performing the procedure. The further restriction follows an incident in July 1996 when an 11-year-old girl bled to death in the rural area of Mansoora after being circumcised by a barber. Female genital mutilation in Egypt changed from an accepted custom to a political hot topic after the news network CNN in September 1994 featured the circumcision of a 9-year-old girl from Cairo. The footage embarrassed Egyptians and fueled an outcry by women's groups and nongovernmental organizations. Statistics compiled in 1994 by Egypt's former ministry of population estimated that between 70% and 90% of Egyptian women were circumcised. But a more recent survey puts the figure even higher, with 97% of women in both rural and urban areas having been circumcised. Circumcisions range from clitoridectomies to almost total removal of the outside genitalia. The practice seems to be rooted in both African tradition and Islamic beliefs, although many Islamic countries do not practice female circumcision. The main motivation seems to be in controlling women's sexual urges, and the belief that circumcision makes a woman more feminine. A university professor of gynecology teaches his medical students that circumcision is healthier for the woman. Most circumcisions in Egypt are performed by barbers or midwives, despite a sporadically enforced law forbidding the operation by anyone but a trained medical staff member. There is a high rate of complications, with some operations leading to infertility. Groups like the Population Council hope that further education and public debate will help to stop the practice.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Wiens Jdoi
10.1136/bmj.313.7052.249subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-08-03 00:00:00pages
249issue
7052eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
313pub_type
新闻abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in representation of women among first authors of original research published in high impact general medical journals from 1994 to 2014 and investigate differences between journals. DESIGN:Observational study. STUDY SAMPLE:All original research articles published in Annals of Internal Med...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess heat related mortalities in relation to climate within Europe. DESIGN:Observational population study. SETTING:North Finland, south Finland, Baden-Württemberg, Netherlands, London, north Italy, and Athens. SUBJECTS:People aged 65-74. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mortalities at temperatures above, below...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
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更新日期:2000-09-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of teaching general practitioners to carry out structured assessments of their long term mentally ill patients. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Sixteen group general practices in South Thames (west) region. SUBJECTS:440 adults disabled by long term mental illness. INTERVEN...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
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更新日期:1995-07-08 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
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更新日期:1989-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To provide counter evidence to existing literature on healer shopping in Africa through a systematic analysis of illness practices by Ghanaians with diabetes; to outline approaches towards improving patient centred health care and policy development regarding diabetes in Ghana. DESIGN:Longitudinal qualitati...
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更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
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更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetomaternal haemorrhage was studied after 68 consecutive fetal intravascular transfusions performed in 20 patients with Rh isoimmunisation. alpha Fetoprotein concentration was assayed in maternal blood taken before, and immediately after each transfusion and three and 24 hours later. An increase of 50% or more in the...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::The recent growth in the numbers of published systematic reviews reflects growing recognition of their importance for improving knowledge about the effects of health care. In Britain the NHS R&D Programme has established two centres to prepare systematic reviews of existing information, and the Cochrane Collaboration-...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6719.227
更新日期:1990-01-27 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2012-12-17 00:00:00
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doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7248.1502
更新日期:2000-06-03 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-06-07 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6734.1229
更新日期:1990-05-12 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
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doi:10.1136/bmj.38512.618681.E0
更新日期:2005-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in an area of predominantly Asian population the Coventry diabetes study is carrying out house to house screening for diabetes in people aged 20 and over in Foleshill, Coventry. In the first five of 12 areas to be studied 2130 of 2283 Asian (...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6665.18
更新日期:1989-01-07 00:00:00
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更新日期:2000-12-23 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-06-24 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00
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更新日期:2010-10-26 00:00:00
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更新日期:1996-01-06 00:00:00
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更新日期:1995-05-20 00:00:00
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更新日期:2008-11-20 00:00:00
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更新日期:1991-07-13 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1991-08-17 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-12-09 00:00:00
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更新日期:2000-05-06 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6686.1483
更新日期:1989-06-03 00:00:00