Abstract:
:The Swedish government recently published a report on priorities in health care. It was written by a cross party group of politicians and drew extensively on the views of the public, health professionals, experience of earlier local exercises in priority setting, and research based evidence. It laid down an ethical framework for approaching issues of health care rationing. Underpinning the framework are the principles of human dignity, need and solidarity, and cost efficiency. The Swedish approach thus contrasts with the British experience of many local initiatives but an absence of national political guidance. The absence of political consensus on many aspects of social policy in the United Kingdom is a major obstacle to developing an agreed ethical framework within which decision makers in the National Health Service can work.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
McKee M,Figueras Jdoi
10.1136/bmj.312.7032.691subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-03-16 00:00:00pages
691-4issue
7032eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
312pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The UN has reported that five multinational pharmaceutical companies would cut down HIV drug prices in the developing world. One of these drug companies is GlaxoWellcome, which has promised to reduce the price of zidovudine and lamivudine to US$2 in the poorest nations, a fifth of its price in the US. Although Peter ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7246.1357
更新日期:2000-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To see whether telling peer reviewers that their signed reviews of original research papers might be posted on the BMJ's website would affect the quality of their reviews. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:A large international general medical journal based in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS:54...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.c5729
更新日期:2010-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the cost effectiveness of different screening strategies for abdominal aortic aneurysm in men, from the perspective of a national health service. SETTING:Screening units at regional hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:Hypothetical cohort of 65 year old men from the general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:C...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e4276
更新日期:2012-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the impact of antenatal supplementation with multiple micronutrients or iron and folic acid compared with folic acid alone on birth weight, duration of gestation, and maternal haemoglobin concentration in the third trimester. DESIGN:Cluster randomised double blind controlled trial. SETTING:Two ru...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.a2001
更新日期:2008-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine which treatments for preventing coronary heart disease should be offered to which patients by assessing their incremental cost effectiveness. DESIGN:Modelling study. DATA SOURCES:Cost estimates (for NHS) and estimates of effectiveness obtained for aspirin, antihypertensive drugs, statins and cl...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7426.1264
更新日期:2003-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a teacher led intervention to improve teenagers' knowledge about emergency contraception. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:24 mixed sex, state secondary schools in Avon, south west England. PARTICIPANTS:1974 boys and 1820 girls in year 10 (14-15 year olds)....
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1179
更新日期:2002-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical circumstances in which psychiatric patients commit suicide. DESIGN:National clinical survey. SETTING:England and Wales. SUBJECTS:A two year sample of people who had committed suicide, in particular those who had been in contact with mental health services in the 12 months before de...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7193.1235
更新日期:1999-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of papers published during the past decade Richard Wilkinson has advanced the view that income inequality is the key determinant of variations in average life expectancy at birth among developed countries. Yet a careful examination of the two sources of data on income distribution most often used by Wilkin...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7015.1282
更新日期:1995-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To provide a contemporary account of the treatment and outcomes of acute coronary attacks in England and Wales and to identify strategies that might improve the outcome. DESIGN:Two year community and hospital based study in three British health districts. SETTING:Health districts of Brighton (population 28...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Objective To characterize the prospective controlled clinical studies for all novel drugs that were initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration on the basis of limited evidence.Design Systematic review.Data sources Drugs@FDA database and PubMed.Study inclusion All prospective controlled clinical studies pub...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.j1680
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of high dose inhaled corticosteroids on skin. DESIGN:Cross sectional study of patients receiving treatment for chest diseases. SETTING:Outpatient chest clinic in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS:68 Patients divided into four groups of similar age--namely, 15 receiving long term oral predn...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6739.1548
更新日期:1990-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the associations between both uric acid levels and hyperuricaemia, with ischaemic heart disease and blood pressure, and to explore the potentially confounding role of body mass index. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation analysis, using variation at specific genes (SLC2A9 (rs7442295) as an instrument fo...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f4262
更新日期:2013-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::The studies reviewed here show that the duration and severity of individual episodes of back pain can be lessened, reducing recurrences and their cost in terms of suffering and lost work. Frank examines differential diagnosis; acute, chronic, and intractable pain; and service implications. Modern management emphasises...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6882.901
更新日期:1993-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine period trends in the rate of suicide in the first 28 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital. DESIGN:Cohort study of patients discharged from psychiatric hospital. SETTING:Scotland. SUBJECTS:All patients aged 15-84 who were discharged from Scottish psychiatric hospitals during 1968 to 199...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7001.357
更新日期:1995-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine whether British South Asian children differ in insulin resistance, adiposity, and cardiovascular risk profile from white children. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:Primary schools in 10 British towns. PARTICIPANTS:British children aged 8 to 11 years (227 South Asian and 3415 white); 73 Sou...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7338.635
更新日期:2002-03-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify and explore parents' concerns when young children become acutely ill. DESIGN:Qualitative study making use of semi-structured one to one and group interviews with parents of preschool children. SETTING:Disadvantaged inner city community. SUBJECTS:95 parents of preschool children. RESULTS:Fever,...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7063.983
更新日期:1996-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between body mass index and mortality from overall cardiovascular disease and specific subtypes of cardiovascular disease in east and south Asians. DESIGN:Pooled analyses of 20 prospective cohorts in Asia, including data from 835,082 east Asians and 289,815 south Asians. Cohorts w...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.f5446
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess whether calcitonin is important in maintaining the integrity of bone the calcitonin gene of a young male patient with osteoporosis and no detectable plasma concentrations of calcitonin was studied. Genomic Southern blots with various restriction enzymes showed no large abnormalities in his calcitonin gene. G...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6682.1215
更新日期:1989-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::A study was carried out analysing the operation of a drug rationalisation programme in a central London teaching district that had evolved from experience over 17 years. Creation of a limited list of about 700 drugs had been achieved by local consensus. Drug selection was based on appraisal of efficacy, safety, and co...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6646.465
更新日期:1988-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the direct and indirect effects of being a twin, maternal smoking, birth weight, and mother's height on blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years. DESIGN:Longitudinal study. SUBJECTS:Cohort born in 1972-3. SETTING:Dunedin, New Zealand. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years. RES...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7188.897
更新日期:1999-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer by patient sex and age. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of randomised trials (the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO), the Italian Screening for Colon and Rectum trial (SCORE), and the Norwe...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.i6673
更新日期:2017-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials obtained from five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Discus, PsycLIT, Cochrane Library) and through contact with exp...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7289.763
更新日期:2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Physicians need to evaluate clinical research critically, and determining the power of a study is an essential component of research evaluation. This report presents a graphical aid that permits rapid power determination for clinical trials with two groups. Power curves were developed for dichotomous outcomes by setti...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6649.672
更新日期:1988-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine whether, according to the conclusions of a 2000 systematic review with meta-analysis on interventions to prevent pain from propofol injection that provided a research agenda to guide further research on the topic, subsequently published trials were more often optimally blinded, reported on children...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.g5219
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on rates of teenage pregnancy and the extent of local variation in pregnancy rates in Scotland, and to examine how both have changed over time. DESIGN:Population study using routine data from hospital records, aggregated for small areas. SUBJECTS:Female te...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7306.199
更新日期:2001-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine differences in morbidity and mortality due to non-insulin dependent diabetes in African Caribbeans and Europeans. DESIGN:Cohort study of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes drawn from diabetes clinics in London. Baseline investigations were performed in 1975-7; follow up continued until 1...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7061.848
更新日期:1996-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare direct and indirect costs of day and inpatient treatment of acute psychiatric illness. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with outcome and costs assessed over 12 months after the date of admission. SETTING:Teaching hospital in an inner city area. SUBJECTS:179 patients with acute psychiatric illn...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1381
更新日期:1997-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of high serum cholesterol concentration, raised blood pressure, and smoking as predictors of coronary heart disease. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study of middle aged men conducted over 25 years. SETTING:Finish components of an ongoing international study (seven countries study). PARTIC...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6691.81
更新日期:1989-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the published evidence regarding the characteristics and effectiveness of disease management programmes. DESIGN:Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Computerised databases for English language articles during 1987-2001. STUDY SELECTION:102 articles evaluating 118 disease management progra...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7370.925
更新日期:2002-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact on birth size and risk of low birth weight of alternative combinations of micronutrients given to pregnant women. DESIGN:Double blind cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Rural community in south eastern Nepal. PARTICIPANTS:4926 pregnant women and 4130 live born infants. INTER...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7389.571
更新日期:2003-03-15 00:00:00