Abstract:
:Care in the community for insane people today is more a matter of expert provision than communal support. In consequence, although they are no longer confined to hospital, mentally ill people largely remain marginalised in a society that does not have the resources, nor often the inclination, to take responsibility for their care. The experience of insane people in medieval England seems to have been of a different order, as shown by a particularly well documented case dating from 1383. From the late 13th century congenital idiots were protected by law. Care of lunatics, by contrast, was primarily the responsibility of the family. However, where the family could not or was unwilling to provide, provision was made by the crown. Through the instrument of the inquisition, the diagnosis and social circumstances of each case were determined by commissioners in consultation with a local jury and all interested parties, including the subject himself or herself. The best interests of the subject remained a prime concern, and the settlement that was ordained was tried and enforced in law. The process was confined to those with real or personal estate, but it encompassed poor as well as rich and proved, through the close identity of the local community with the process, to be a sophisticated and effective mechanism for maintaining and sustaining insane people. Unlike today, care in the community was a communal activity that ensured a truly public provision for those who could not look after themselves.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Roffe D,Roffe Cdoi
10.1136/bmj.311.7021.1708subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-23 00:00:00pages
1708-12issue
7021eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
311pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between cerebral palsy and direct evidence for perinatal exposure to neurotropic viruses. DESIGN:Population based case-control study. SETTING:Adelaide Women's and Children's Hospital Research Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Newborn screening cards of 443 wh...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.38668.616806.3A
更新日期:2006-01-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse the relation between treated blood pressure and concomitant risk factor and morbidity from acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal study. Treated blood pressures and other variables were used to predict acute myocardial infarction. SETTING:Primary health care in Skaraborg, Sw...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6930.681
更新日期:1994-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in immunisation performance in Grampian region after the introduction of the 1990 contract for general practitioners. DESIGN:Retrospective descriptive study using data held on the Grampian immunisation record system's computer. SETTING:All 95 general practices in Grampian region (313 gene...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6830.816
更新日期:1992-03-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To summarise evidence on the association between white rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and to quantify the potential dose-response relation. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES:Searches of Medline and Embase databases for articles published up to January 2012 using...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.e1454
更新日期:2012-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::There is strong circumstantial evidence that human papillomavirus is a cofactor in the development of cervical neoplasia. Systemic immunosuppression has also been implicated. A study was therefore carried out examining the relation between subtypes of human papillomavirus and local immunocompetent cells in the cervix....
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6649.643
更新日期:1988-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To discover whether the wartime government evacuation of children from London and other population centres to rural districts was associated with any increase in childhood leukaemia. DESIGN:Observational study of mortality from leukaemia among the childhood population of England and Wales in relation to the ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6963.1197
更新日期:1994-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the variation in unadjusted rates of caesarean section derived from routine data in NHS trusts in England can be explained by maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors. DESIGN:A cross sectional analysis using routinely collected hospital episode statistics was performed. A multi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.c5065
更新日期:2010-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the implications of four widely used cholesterol screening and treatment guidelines by applying them to a population in the United Kingdom. DESIGN:Guidelines were applied to population based data from a cross sectional study of cardiovascular disease and risk factors. SETTING:Newcastle upon Tyne,...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7166.1125
更新日期:1998-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the protective efficacy of measles vaccination in infants in a low income country before 9 months of age. DESIGN:Randomised clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS:1333 infants aged 4.5 months: 441 in treatment group and 892 in control group. SETTING:Urban area in Guinea-Bissau. INTERVENTION:Measles vacci...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.a661
更新日期:2008-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in primary care in London in the 11 years since the Acheson report on primary health care in inner London. DESIGN:Analysis of key data from the family health services authority performance indicators and from the Department of Health; study of trends since the time of the Acheson report; e...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6862.1130
更新日期:1992-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::WHO is under pressure from all sides to justify its existence. Donors want to know what they are getting for their money, and health professionals question the relevance of the organisation's work. The pressure to justify itself is perhaps strongest of all in Europe, where most member countries have fully fledged heal...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6976.389
更新日期:1995-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association of resting echocardiography before elective intermediate to high risk non-cardiac surgery with survival and length of hospital stay. DESIGN:Population based retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2008. PART...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.d3695
更新日期:2011-06-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of withdrawing diuretic drugs on oedema in patients prescribed them for only ankle oedema, excluding patients with cardiac, hepatic, or renal failure. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:15 general practices in the Netherlands. PATIENTS:1202 patients aged 65 years or older a...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6927.511
更新日期:1994-02-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of four monthly vitamin D supplementation on the rate of fractures in men and women aged 65 years and over living in the community. DESIGN:Randomised double blind controlled trial of 100 000 IU oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation or matching placebo every four months ove...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7387.469
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether use of intermediate acting neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia increases the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications. DESIGN:Prospective, propensity score matched cohort study. SETTING:General teaching hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 20...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e6329
更新日期:2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate integrated care for diabetes in clinical, psychosocial, and economic terms. DESIGN:Pragmatic randomised trial. SETTING:Hospital diabetic clinic and three general practice groups in Grampian. PATIENTS:274 adult diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic and registered with one of three gener...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Fetomaternal haemorrhage was studied after 68 consecutive fetal intravascular transfusions performed in 20 patients with Rh isoimmunisation. alpha Fetoprotein concentration was assayed in maternal blood taken before, and immediately after each transfusion and three and 24 hours later. An increase of 50% or more in the...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1379
更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-05-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-02-09 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.1012
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7146.1711
更新日期:1998-06-06 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7009.840
更新日期:1995-09-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.e3086
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and subsequent second malignancies (second primary cancers). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES:Medline and Embase up to 6 April 2015 with no restrictions on year...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.i851
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The relations among parental reports of respiratory symptoms, bronchospasm measured after exercise, and the presence of visible fungal mould in the home was assessed in a population sample of 7 year old children (n = 873). Wheeze in the past year was the symptom most closely associated with reported dampness and parti...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6658.1223
更新日期:1988-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the usefulness of serum concentrations of the complex of trypsin 2 and alpha 1 antitrypsin in diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis in comparison with serum C reactive protein, amylase, and trypsinogen 2 concentrations (reference markers). DESIGN:Markers were measured in con...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7053.333
更新日期:1996-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::For many years Tayside has benefited from a successful opportunistic cytology screening programme. In recent years, however, the decrease in mortality due to cervical cancer has levelled off, with most cases of severe disease arising in women who have not been screened. In view of this the health board developed a new...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6692.163
更新日期:1989-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of infarct, left ventricular function, and survival in acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN:Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of patients with acute myocardial infarction within five hours ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1374
更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations between childhood and adulthood social class and insulin resistance. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:23 towns across England, Scotland, and Wales. PARTICIPANTS:4286 women aged 60-79 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk fact...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7368.805
更新日期:2002-10-12 00:00:00