Abstract:
:Robots designed for surgery have three main advantages over humans. They have greater three dimensional spatial accuracy, are more reliable, and can achieve much greater precision. Although few surgical robots are yet in clinical trials one or two have advanced to the stage of seeking approval from the UK's Medical Devices Agency and the US Federal Drug Administration. Safety is a key concern. A robotic device can be designed in an intrinsically safe way by restricting its range of movement to an area where it can do no damage. Furthermore, safety can be increased by making it passive, guided at all times by a surgeon. Nevertheless, some of the most promising developments may come from robots that are active (monitored rather than controlled by the surgeon) and not limited to intrinsically safe motion.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Buckingham RA,Buckingham ROdoi
10.1136/bmj.311.7018.1479subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-02 00:00:00pages
1479-82issue
7018eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
311pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of classroom based cognitive behavioural therapy with attention control and usual school provision for adolescents at high risk of depression. DESIGN:Three arm parallel cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Eight UK secondary schools. PARTICIPANTS:Adolescents (n=5030) ag...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.e6058
更新日期:2012-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To summarise evidence on the association between white rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and to quantify the potential dose-response relation. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES:Searches of Medline and Embase databases for articles published up to January 2012 using...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.e1454
更新日期:2012-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of social deprivation on survival after cardiac surgery and to examine the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected data. Prognostic models used to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on the end points. SETTING:Birming...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b902
更新日期:2009-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the performance of a panel of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (genotypes) associated with type 2 diabetes in distinguishing incident cases of future type 2 diabetes (discrimination), and to examine the effect of adding genetic information to previously validated non-genetic (phenotype based)...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b4838
更新日期:2010-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::When oxygen concentrators became available on form FP10 in 1985 the Department of Health and Social Security issued clear guidelines for their prescription for long term treatment. Reassessment of those patients prescribed a concentrator in one district showed that 29 out of 61 patients did not fulfil these criteria. ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6655.1030
更新日期:1988-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess general practitioners' decisions to request lumbar spine radiographs according to the guidelines of the Royal College of Radiologists. DESIGN:Prospective questionnaire survey of outpatients attending for lumbar spine radiography. SETTING:London community hospital. SUBJECTS:100 consecutive adult o...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6806.813
更新日期:1991-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To calculate socioeconomic and health status measures for the primary care groups in London and to examine the association between these measures and hospital admission rates. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:66 primary care groups in London, total list size 8.0 million people. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7268.1057
更新日期:2000-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the acceptability of screening newborn boys for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. DESIGN:Screening is offered on the basis of informed consent in response to an information sheet entitled "A new test for baby boys--Do you want it?" The programme includes a prospective long term evaluation of family res...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6874.357
更新日期:1993-02-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of enteroviruses with motor neurone disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. DESIGN:Analysis by enterovirus polymerase chain reaction of wax embedded material from spinal cords taken at necropsy from subjects with motor neurone disease and from age and sex matched ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6943.1541
更新日期:1994-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::In prospective studies, the prevalence of undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women ranges from 3% to 15%. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in the mother and fetus, including spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, prete...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.g4929
更新日期:2014-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the impact of skin surgery in general practice on the workload of a pathology laboratory and to identify what further training might be helpful. DESIGN:Analysis of skin biopsy specimens from general practitioners before and after their new contract to determine numbers of specimens, changes in diagn...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6819.93
更新日期:1992-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::The studyA Rodger, V Cambiano, T Bruun, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet 2019;393:2428-38.This project was funde...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.l4915
更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the risk factors for HIV infection in patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in India. DESIGN:Descriptive study of HIV serology, risk behaviour, and findings on physical examination. SUBJECTS:2800 patients presenting to outpatient clinics between 13 May 1993 and 15 July ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7000.283
更新日期:1995-07-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the intrinsic effects of individually prescribed homoeopathic medicines. DESIGN:Randomised double blind placebo controlled study. SETTING:Paediatric outpatient department of university hospital. PATIENTS:175 children with frequently recurring upper respiratory tract infections. Of the 170 ch...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6965.1329
更新日期:1994-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the safety and effectiveness of eflornithine as first line treatment for human African trypanosomiasis. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Control programme in Ibba, southern Sudan. PARTICIPANTS:1055 adults and children newly diagnosed with second stage disease in a 16 month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASU...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.39485.592674.BE
更新日期:2008-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between mind wandering (thinking unrelated to the task at hand) and the risk of being responsible for a motor vehicle crash. DESIGN:Responsibility case-control study. SETTING:Adult emergency department of a university hospital in France, April 2010 to August 2011. PARTICIPANTS:955...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e8105
更新日期:2012-12-13 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of infarct, left ventricular function, and survival in acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN:Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of patients with acute myocardial infarction within five hours ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1374
更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between a surgeon's degree of specialization in a specific procedure and patient mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of Medicare data. SETTING: US patients aged 66 or older enrolled in traditional fee for service Medicare. PARTICIPANTS: 25 152 US surgeons who performed one...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.i3571
更新日期:2016-07-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate a reported association between dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease. SETTING:National sample of American adults who participated in a health examination survey in the early 1970s. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study in which participants underwent a standard dental examination at bas...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6879.688
更新日期:1993-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the association between income inequality and the risk of mortality and readmission within 30 days of hospitalization. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Hierarchical, logistic regression models were developed to estimate the association between inco...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f521
更新日期:2013-02-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long term effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump therapy) on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Swedish National Diabetes Register, Sweden 2005-12. PARTICIPANTS:18,168 people with type 1 dia...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.h3234
更新日期:2015-06-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the implications of variation in mortality associated with use of weapons in different contexts. DESIGN:Literature review. SETTINGS:Armed conflicts and civilian mass shootings, 1929-96. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Mortality from wounds. RESULTS:During the fighting of war the number of people wounded...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7207.407
更新日期:1999-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare neonatal mortality and morbidity in term infants presenting by the breech and delivered vaginally or by caesarean section. DESIGN:Population based comparison of outcomes. Data derived from the St Mary's maternity information system. SETTING:North West Thames Regional Health Authority, 1988-90. S...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6856.746
更新日期:1992-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To see whether the issue of AIDS has influenced the observed decline in blood donation in Scotland. DESIGN:Two methods: a quantitative survey using personal interviews based on a questionnaire and a qualitative survey based on group discussions. SETTING:Interviews based on the questionnaire were conducted i...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.1012
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of high dose inhaled corticosteroids on skin. DESIGN:Cross sectional study of patients receiving treatment for chest diseases. SETTING:Outpatient chest clinic in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS:68 Patients divided into four groups of similar age--namely, 15 receiving long term oral predn...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6739.1548
更新日期:1990-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarises the literature on shift work and its relation to insufficient sleep, chronic diseases, and accidents. It is based on 38 meta-analyses and 24 systematic reviews, with additional narrative reviews and articles used for outlining possible mechanisms by which shift work may cause accidents and adver...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.i5210
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess effects on condom use and other sexual behaviour of an HIV prevention programme at school that promotes the use of condoms with and without emergency contraception. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:40 public high schools in the state of Morelos, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS:10 954 firs...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.38796.457407.80
更新日期:2006-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether sending patients a copy of their referral letter can reduce non-attendance at outpatient departments. DESIGN:Blinded randomised controlled trial. SETTING:13 general practices in Exeter, Devon. SUBJECTS:2078 new consultant referrals from 26 doctors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Non-attenda...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1392
更新日期:1999-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Fetomaternal haemorrhage was studied after 68 consecutive fetal intravascular transfusions performed in 20 patients with Rh isoimmunisation. alpha Fetoprotein concentration was assayed in maternal blood taken before, and immediately after each transfusion and three and 24 hours later. An increase of 50% or more in the...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1379
更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether paracetamol (acetaminophen) plus ibuprofen are superior to either drug alone for increasing time without fever and the relief of fever associated discomfort in febrile children managed at home. DESIGN:Individually randomised, blinded, three arm trial. SETTING:Primary care and househol...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.a1302
更新日期:2008-09-02 00:00:00