Robots in operating theatres.

Abstract:

:Robots designed for surgery have three main advantages over humans. They have greater three dimensional spatial accuracy, are more reliable, and can achieve much greater precision. Although few surgical robots are yet in clinical trials one or two have advanced to the stage of seeking approval from the UK's Medical Devices Agency and the US Federal Drug Administration. Safety is a key concern. A robotic device can be designed in an intrinsically safe way by restricting its range of movement to an area where it can do no damage. Furthermore, safety can be increased by making it passive, guided at all times by a surgeon. Nevertheless, some of the most promising developments may come from robots that are active (monitored rather than controlled by the surgeon) and not limited to intrinsically safe motion.

journal_name

BMJ

authors

Buckingham RA,Buckingham RO

doi

10.1136/bmj.311.7018.1479

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1995-12-02 00:00:00

pages

1479-82

issue

7018

eissn

0959-8138

issn

1756-1833

journal_volume

311

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Classroom based cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing symptoms of depression in high risk adolescents: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of classroom based cognitive behavioural therapy with attention control and usual school provision for adolescents at high risk of depression. DESIGN:Three arm parallel cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Eight UK secondary schools. PARTICIPANTS:Adolescents (n=5030) ag...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.e6058

    authors: Stallard P,Sayal K,Phillips R,Taylor JA,Spears M,Anderson R,Araya R,Lewis G,Millings A,Montgomery AA

    更新日期:2012-10-05 00:00:00

  • White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To summarise evidence on the association between white rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and to quantify the potential dose-response relation. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES:Searches of Medline and Embase databases for articles published up to January 2012 using...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1136/bmj.e1454

    authors: Hu EA,Pan A,Malik V,Sun Q

    更新日期:2012-03-15 00:00:00

  • Social deprivation and prognostic benefits of cardiac surgery: observational study of 44 902 patients from five hospitals over 10 years.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of social deprivation on survival after cardiac surgery and to examine the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected data. Prognostic models used to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on the end points. SETTING:Birming...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1136/bmj.b902

    authors: Pagano D,Freemantle N,Bridgewater B,Howell N,Ray D,Jackson M,Fabri BM,Au J,Keenan D,Kirkup B,Keogh BE,Quality and Outcomes Research Unit (QuORU) UHB Birmingham.,North West Quality Improvement Programme in Cardiac Interventions (U

    更新日期:2009-04-02 00:00:00

  • Utility of genetic and non-genetic risk factors in prediction of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the performance of a panel of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (genotypes) associated with type 2 diabetes in distinguishing incident cases of future type 2 diabetes (discrimination), and to examine the effect of adding genetic information to previously validated non-genetic (phenotype based)...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1136/bmj.b4838

    authors: Talmud PJ,Hingorani AD,Cooper JA,Marmot MG,Brunner EJ,Kumari M,Kivimäki M,Humphries SE

    更新日期:2010-01-14 00:00:00

  • Prescription of oxygen concentrators for long term oxygen treatment: reassessment in one district.

    abstract::When oxygen concentrators became available on form FP10 in 1985 the Department of Health and Social Security issued clear guidelines for their prescription for long term treatment. Reassessment of those patients prescribed a concentrator in one district showed that 29 out of 61 patients did not fulfil these criteria. ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6655.1030

    authors: Walshaw MJ,Lim R,Evans CC,Hind CR

    更新日期:1988-10-22 00:00:00

  • Radiographic examination of the lumbar spine in a community hospital: an audit of current practice.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess general practitioners' decisions to request lumbar spine radiographs according to the guidelines of the Royal College of Radiologists. DESIGN:Prospective questionnaire survey of outpatients attending for lumbar spine radiography. SETTING:London community hospital. SUBJECTS:100 consecutive adult o...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6806.813

    authors: Halpin SF,Yeoman L,Dundas DD

    更新日期:1991-10-05 00:00:00

  • Cross sectional study of primary care groups in London: association of measures of socioeconomic and health status with hospital admission rates.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To calculate socioeconomic and health status measures for the primary care groups in London and to examine the association between these measures and hospital admission rates. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:66 primary care groups in London, total list size 8.0 million people. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7268.1057

    authors: Majeed A,Bardsley M,Morgan D,O'Sullivan C,Bindman AB

    更新日期:2000-10-28 00:00:00

  • Experience with screening newborns for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Wales.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the acceptability of screening newborn boys for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. DESIGN:Screening is offered on the basis of informed consent in response to an information sheet entitled "A new test for baby boys--Do you want it?" The programme includes a prospective long term evaluation of family res...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6874.357

    authors: Bradley DM,Parsons EP,Clarke AJ

    更新日期:1993-02-06 00:00:00

  • Sequences specific for enterovirus detected in spinal cord from patients with motor neurone disease.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of enteroviruses with motor neurone disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. DESIGN:Analysis by enterovirus polymerase chain reaction of wax embedded material from spinal cords taken at necropsy from subjects with motor neurone disease and from age and sex matched ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6943.1541

    authors: Woodall CJ,Riding MH,Graham DI,Clements GB

    更新日期:1994-06-11 00:00:00

  • Diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy.

    abstract::In prospective studies, the prevalence of undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women ranges from 3% to 15%. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in the mother and fetus, including spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, prete...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/bmj.g4929

    authors: Negro R,Stagnaro-Green A

    更新日期:2014-10-06 00:00:00

  • Using clinicopathological analysis of general practitioner skin surgery to determine educational requirements and guidelines.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the impact of skin surgery in general practice on the workload of a pathology laboratory and to identify what further training might be helpful. DESIGN:Analysis of skin biopsy specimens from general practitioners before and after their new contract to determine numbers of specimens, changes in diagn...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6819.93

    authors: Cox NH,Wagstaff R,Popple AW

    更新日期:1992-01-11 00:00:00

  • Antiretroviral treatment can reduce the risk of HIV transmission between male partners to 'zero'.

    abstract::The studyA Rodger, V Cambiano, T Bruun, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet 2019;393:2428-38.This project was funde...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.l4915

    authors: Cook R,Davidson P,clinical adviser,.,Martin R,NIHR Dissemination Centre.

    更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00

  • Risk factors for HIV infection in people attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in India.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the risk factors for HIV infection in patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in India. DESIGN:Descriptive study of HIV serology, risk behaviour, and findings on physical examination. SUBJECTS:2800 patients presenting to outpatient clinics between 13 May 1993 and 15 July ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7000.283

    authors: Rodrigues JJ,Mehendale SM,Shepherd ME,Divekar AD,Gangakhedkar RR,Quinn TC,Paranjape RS,Risbud AR,Brookmeyer RS,Gadkari DA

    更新日期:1995-07-29 00:00:00

  • Effect of homoeopathic medicines on daily burden of symptoms in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the intrinsic effects of individually prescribed homoeopathic medicines. DESIGN:Randomised double blind placebo controlled study. SETTING:Paediatric outpatient department of university hospital. PATIENTS:175 children with frequently recurring upper respiratory tract infections. Of the 170 ch...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6965.1329

    authors: de Lange de Klerk ES,Blommers J,Kuik DJ,Bezemer PD,Feenstra L

    更新日期:1994-11-19 00:00:00

  • Safety and effectiveness of first line eflornithine for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in Sudan: cohort study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the safety and effectiveness of eflornithine as first line treatment for human African trypanosomiasis. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Control programme in Ibba, southern Sudan. PARTICIPANTS:1055 adults and children newly diagnosed with second stage disease in a 16 month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASU...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.39485.592674.BE

    authors: Priotto G,Pinoges L,Fursa IB,Burke B,Nicolay N,Grillet G,Hewison C,Balasegaram M

    更新日期:2008-03-29 00:00:00

  • Mind wandering and driving: responsibility case-control study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between mind wandering (thinking unrelated to the task at hand) and the risk of being responsible for a motor vehicle crash. DESIGN:Responsibility case-control study. SETTING:Adult emergency department of a university hospital in France, April 2010 to August 2011. PARTICIPANTS:955...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.e8105

    authors: Galéra C,Orriols L,M'Bailara K,Laborey M,Contrand B,Ribéreau-Gayon R,Masson F,Bakiri S,Gabaude C,Fort A,Maury B,Lemercier C,Cours M,Bouvard MP,Lagarde E

    更新日期:2012-12-13 00:00:00

  • Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and size of infarct, left ventricular function, and survival in acute myocardial infarction.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of infarct, left ventricular function, and survival in acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN:Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of patients with acute myocardial infarction within five hours ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1374

    authors: Van de Werf F,Arnold AE

    更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00

  • Surgeon specialization and operative mortality in United States: retrospective analysis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between a surgeon's degree of specialization in a specific procedure and patient mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of Medicare data. SETTING: US patients aged 66 or older enrolled in traditional fee for service Medicare. PARTICIPANTS: 25 152 US surgeons who performed one...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.i3571

    authors: Sahni NR,Dalton M,Cutler DM,Birkmeyer JD,Chandra A

    更新日期:2016-07-21 00:00:00

  • Dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease and mortality.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate a reported association between dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease. SETTING:National sample of American adults who participated in a health examination survey in the early 1970s. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study in which participants underwent a standard dental examination at bas...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6879.688

    authors: DeStefano F,Anda RF,Kahn HS,Williamson DF,Russell CM

    更新日期:1993-03-13 00:00:00

  • Income inequality and 30 day outcomes after acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia: retrospective cohort study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the association between income inequality and the risk of mortality and readmission within 30 days of hospitalization. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Hierarchical, logistic regression models were developed to estimate the association between inco...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.f521

    authors: Lindenauer PK,Lagu T,Rothberg MB,Avrunin J,Pekow PS,Wang Y,Krumholz HM

    更新日期:2013-02-14 00:00:00

  • Insulin pump therapy, multiple daily injections, and cardiovascular mortality in 18,168 people with type 1 diabetes: observational study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long term effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump therapy) on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Swedish National Diabetes Register, Sweden 2005-12. PARTICIPANTS:18,168 people with type 1 dia...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.h3234

    authors: Steineck I,Cederholm J,Eliasson B,Rawshani A,Eeg-Olofsson K,Svensson AM,Zethelius B,Avdic T,Landin-Olsson M,Jendle J,Gudbjörnsdóttir S,Swedish National Diabetes Register.

    更新日期:2015-06-22 00:00:00

  • Mortality associated with use of weapons in armed conflicts, wartime atrocities, and civilian mass shootings: literature review.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the implications of variation in mortality associated with use of weapons in different contexts. DESIGN:Literature review. SETTINGS:Armed conflicts and civilian mass shootings, 1929-96. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Mortality from wounds. RESULTS:During the fighting of war the number of people wounded...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7207.407

    authors: Coupland RM,Meddings DR

    更新日期:1999-08-14 00:00:00

  • Outcome of breech delivery at term.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare neonatal mortality and morbidity in term infants presenting by the breech and delivered vaginally or by caesarean section. DESIGN:Population based comparison of outcomes. Data derived from the St Mary's maternity information system. SETTING:North West Thames Regional Health Authority, 1988-90. S...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6856.746

    authors: Thorpe-Beeston JG,Banfield PJ,Saunders NJ

    更新日期:1992-09-26 00:00:00

  • Scottish attitudes to blood donation and AIDS.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To see whether the issue of AIDS has influenced the observed decline in blood donation in Scotland. DESIGN:Two methods: a quantitative survey using personal interviews based on a questionnaire and a qualitative survey based on group discussions. SETTING:Interviews based on the questionnaire were conducted i...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.1012

    authors: MacAskill SG,Hastings GB,McNeill RE,Gillon J

    更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00

  • Purpura and dermal thinning associated with high dose inhaled corticosteroids.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of high dose inhaled corticosteroids on skin. DESIGN:Cross sectional study of patients receiving treatment for chest diseases. SETTING:Outpatient chest clinic in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS:68 Patients divided into four groups of similar age--namely, 15 receiving long term oral predn...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6739.1548

    authors: Capewell S,Reynolds S,Shuttleworth D,Edwards C,Finlay AY

    更新日期:1990-06-16 00:00:00

  • Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep.

    abstract::This review summarises the literature on shift work and its relation to insufficient sleep, chronic diseases, and accidents. It is based on 38 meta-analyses and 24 systematic reviews, with additional narrative reviews and articles used for outlining possible mechanisms by which shift work may cause accidents and adver...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/bmj.i5210

    authors: Kecklund G,Axelsson J

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • HIV prevention in Mexican schools: prospective randomised evaluation of intervention.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess effects on condom use and other sexual behaviour of an HIV prevention programme at school that promotes the use of condoms with and without emergency contraception. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:40 public high schools in the state of Morelos, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS:10 954 firs...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.38796.457407.80

    authors: Walker D,Gutierrez JP,Torres P,Bertozzi SM

    更新日期:2006-05-20 00:00:00

  • Effect on hospital attendance rates of giving patients a copy of their referral letter: randomised controlled trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether sending patients a copy of their referral letter can reduce non-attendance at outpatient departments. DESIGN:Blinded randomised controlled trial. SETTING:13 general practices in Exeter, Devon. SUBJECTS:2078 new consultant referrals from 26 doctors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Non-attenda...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1392

    authors: Hamilton W,Round A,Sharp D

    更新日期:1999-05-22 00:00:00

  • Consequences of fetomaternal haemorrhage after intrauterine transfusion.

    abstract::Fetomaternal haemorrhage was studied after 68 consecutive fetal intravascular transfusions performed in 20 patients with Rh isoimmunisation. alpha Fetoprotein concentration was assayed in maternal blood taken before, and immediately after each transfusion and three and 24 hours later. An increase of 50% or more in the...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1379

    authors: Nicolini U,Kochenour NK,Greco P,Letsky EA,Johnson RD,Contreras M,Rodeck CH

    更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00

  • Paracetamol plus ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children (PITCH): randomised controlled trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether paracetamol (acetaminophen) plus ibuprofen are superior to either drug alone for increasing time without fever and the relief of fever associated discomfort in febrile children managed at home. DESIGN:Individually randomised, blinded, three arm trial. SETTING:Primary care and househol...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.a1302

    authors: Hay AD,Costelloe C,Redmond NM,Montgomery AA,Fletcher M,Hollinghurst S,Peters TJ

    更新日期:2008-09-02 00:00:00