Abstract:
:There is currently much debate about how to improve undergraduate medical education, and in particular on how best to prepare students for clinical responsibility. For 20 years a period of trainee internship has formed part of New Zealand medical students' undergraduate training, and the model could have much to offer the United Kingdom. Students take their final examinations at the end of the second clinical year; they spend their final year in a series of eight clinical attachments, during each of which they shadow a preregistration house officer or senior house officer. As trainee interns they are paid 60% of a house officer's salary for their clinical work, which is supervised by the firm's registrars and consultants under the overall responsibility of the head of the academic department. The order of the attachments is determined on educational, not service, grounds, and trainees have to attend educational sessions and pass assessments on each attachment. The trainee internship, funded jointly by the education and health departments, offers a more seamless transition from student to house officer and aims at improving both general medical education and clinical training.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Allen PI,Colls BMdoi
10.1136/bmj.308.6925.398subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-02-05 00:00:00pages
398-400issue
6925eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
308pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess adjustment practices for primary outcomes of randomized controlled trials and their impact on the results. DESIGN:Meta-epidemiologic study. DATA SOURCES:25 biomedical journals with the highest impact factor according to Journal Citation Reports 2009. STUDY SELECTION:Randomized controlled trials p...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.f4313
更新日期:2013-07-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials obtained from five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Discus, PsycLIT, Cochrane Library) and through contact with exp...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7289.763
更新日期:2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. PARTICIPANTS:261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 c...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.g4164
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To elucidate current trends and geographical patterns in the sex ratio at birth and in the population aged under 20 in China and to determine the roles played by sex selective abortion and the one child policy. DESIGN:Analysis of household based cross sectional population survey done in November 2005. SETT...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b1211
更新日期:2009-04-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a teacher led intervention to improve teenagers' knowledge about emergency contraception. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:24 mixed sex, state secondary schools in Avon, south west England. PARTICIPANTS:1974 boys and 1820 girls in year 10 (14-15 year olds)....
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1179
更新日期:2002-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Analysis of incidence and characteristics of congenital abdominal wall defects, with special reference to the differences between the incidence of gastroschisis and exomphalos (omphalocele). DESIGN:Retrospective analysis using data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (recoded to differentiate...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7062.903
更新日期:1996-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the effectiveness of an early switch to oral antibiotics with the standard 7 day course of intravenous antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia. DESIGN:Multicentre randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Five teaching hospitals and 2 university medical centres in the Netherlands. PARTICI...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.38993.560984.BE
更新日期:2006-12-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of severe psychological trauma --that is, post-traumatic stress disorder--in children involved in everyday road traffic accidents. DESIGN:12 month prospective study. SETTING:Accident and emergency department, Royal United Hospital, Bath. SUBJECTS:119 children aged 5-18 years inv...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7173.1619
更新日期:1998-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::A brief note on the status of the AIDS pandemic, from the Amsterdam VIIIth International Conference on AIDS, warns that the course of the epidemic is not being altered by prevention efforts. AIDS occurs in every country, usually spread by heterosexual contact, so that women are equally affected with men. WHO estimat...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6847.209
更新日期:1992-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Preparing a review entails many judgments. The focus of the review must be decided. Studies that are relevant to the focus of the review must be identified, selected for inclusion and critically appraised. Information must be collected and synthesised from the relevant studies, and conclusions must be drawn. Checklist...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6955.648
更新日期:1994-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of preventive home visits to elderly people living in the community. DESIGN:Systematic review. SETTING:15 trials retrieved from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane controlled trial register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Physical function, psychosocial function, falls, admissions to institution...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7237.754
更新日期:2000-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine general practitioners' responses to and explanations for variation in rates of referral to hospital and how feedback of data on rates of referral could be used to facilitate practices in auditing their own referral behaviour. DESIGN:Visits by audit facilitators to general practices after feedba...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6917.1465
更新日期:1993-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of Stepping Stones, a HIV prevention programme, on incidence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and sexual behaviour. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:70 villages (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. PARTICIPANTS:1360 men and 1416 women aged...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.a506
更新日期:2008-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To see whether the issue of AIDS has influenced the observed decline in blood donation in Scotland. DESIGN:Two methods: a quantitative survey using personal interviews based on a questionnaire and a qualitative survey based on group discussions. SETTING:Interviews based on the questionnaire were conducted i...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.1012
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of combinations of statins, aspirin, beta blockers, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the secondary prevention of all cause mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease. DESIGN:Open prospective cohort study with nested case-control analysis. SETTING:1.18 million p...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7499.1059
更新日期:2005-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the number and geographical distribution of general practitioners in the NHS who qualified medically in South Asia and to project their numbers as they retire. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of yearly data and projection of future trends. SETTING:England and Wales. SUBJECTS:General practitione...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7179.306
更新日期:1999-01-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse the relation between treated blood pressure and concomitant risk factor and morbidity from acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal study. Treated blood pressures and other variables were used to predict acute myocardial infarction. SETTING:Primary health care in Skaraborg, Sw...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6930.681
更新日期:1994-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the variation in unadjusted rates of caesarean section derived from routine data in NHS trusts in England can be explained by maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors. DESIGN:A cross sectional analysis using routinely collected hospital episode statistics was performed. A multi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.c5065
更新日期:2010-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact and cost effectiveness of a programme to transform adult critical care throughout England initiated in late 2000. DESIGN:Evaluation of trends in inputs, processes, and outcomes during 1998-2000 compared with last quarter of 2000-6. SETTING:96 critical care units in England. PARTICIPA...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b4353
更新日期:2009-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:PROBLEM:To reduce hospital inpatient mortality and thus increase public confidence in the quality of patient care in an urban acute hospital trust after adverse media coverage. DESIGN:Eight care bundles of treatments known to be effective in reducing in-hospital mortality were used in the intervention year; adjusted m...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.c1234
更新日期:2010-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a decision aid designed for adults with low education and literacy can support informed choice and involvement in decisions about screening for bowel cancer. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Areas in New South Wales, Australia identified as socioeconomically disadvantaged (lo...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.c5370
更新日期:2010-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To estimate differences in annual income of physicians in the United States by race and sex adjusted for characteristics of physicians and practices. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey study. SETTING: Nationally representative samples of US physicians. PARTICIPANTS: The 2000-13 American Community Survey (ACS...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.i2923
更新日期:2016-06-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of social deprivation on survival after cardiac surgery and to examine the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected data. Prognostic models used to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on the end points. SETTING:Birming...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b902
更新日期:2009-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify the nature and extent of any vocational training deficit within the London initiative zone and investigate the reasons. DESIGN:Collation of statistics and postal questionnaire surveys. SETTING:Thames regions inside and outside the London initiative zone. SUBJECTS:General practice registrars, tr...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.97
更新日期:1996-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To prepare and assess the sensitivity and specificity of a latex agglutination test specific for the serotype of antigen in diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia in Gambian children. DESIGN:Comparison of agglutination test specific for serotype with culture of blood and lung aspirates, countercurrent immunoelect...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6680.1061
更新日期:1989-04-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To provide a contemporary account of the treatment and outcomes of acute coronary attacks in England and Wales and to identify strategies that might improve the outcome. DESIGN:Two year community and hospital based study in three British health districts. SETTING:Health districts of Brighton (population 28...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess timeliness of carotid endarterectomy services in the United Kingdom. DESIGN:Observational study with follow-up to March 2008. SETTING:UK hospitals performing carotid endarterectomy. PARTICIPANTS:UK surgeons undertaking carotid endarterectomy from December 2005 to December 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEA...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b1847
更新日期:2009-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::The "four principles plus scope" approach provides a simple, accessible, and culturally neutral approach to thinking about ethical issues in health care. The approach, developed in the United States, is based on four common, basic prima facie moral commitments--respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and ju...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6948.184
更新日期:1994-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of drug and alcohol use among newly remanded prisoners, assess the effectiveness of prison reception screening, and examine the clinical management of substance misusers among remand prisoners. DESIGN:A consecutive case study of remand prisoners screened at reception for substanc...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7099.18
更新日期:1997-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women, in particular those whose behaviour or that of their partners put them at "low risk" of infection. DESIGN:Voluntary named or anonymous HIV testing of pregnant women during 21 months (November 1988 to July 1990). SUBJECTS AND SETTING:All women who plan...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6834.1082
更新日期:1992-04-25 00:00:00