Abstract：
:1. Within the lung, endothelin (ET)-1 is synthesized and released by airway epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, as well as by inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. Following release, ET-1 can modulate the activities of a wide range of different cell types within the lung through the stimulation of specific endothelin ETA and ETB receptors. The present review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the distribution and function of endothelin receptors within the airway wall and peripheral lung and, where possible, particular attention is given to studies using human cells, tissues and subjects. 2. The highest densities of endothelin receptors within the lung appear to be associated with airway smooth muscle and the alveolar septae. The relative proportions of ETA and ETB receptors present within these tissues display marked interspecies differences, although ETB receptors predominate at both sites in human lung. 3. The effects induced by ET-1 within the lung include contraction and proliferation of airway smooth muscle, facilitation of cholinergic neurotransmission, mucous gland hypersecretion, microvascular leakage and inflammatory cell influx and activation. There is also evidence that a proportion of ETB receptors in the pulmonary microvasculature act as clearance receptors for endothelin-1. 4. Evidence to date suggests that changes in the endothelin content within the airway wall, conceivably associated with lung pathology, are likely to have profound effects on the function of many cells within the lung.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Henry PJdoi
10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03010.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-02-01 00:00:00pages
162-7issue
2eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The amino acid sequence of human renin was identified for the first time. This was determined from the nucleotide sequence of exons in the human renin gene identified in a genomic library by recombinant DNA techniques. Examination of amino acid residues involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis by human renin of the unique...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00281.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of aerobic physical exercise on membrane function in mild essential hypertension. 2. Hypertensive patients were divided into an exercise group (n = 8) and a non-exercise (control) group (n = 8). Physical exercise within the intensity of the anaerobic thres...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03846.x
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orthostatic stress triggers a response to maintain cerebral perfusion and prevent syncope. Given the hypotensive effects of inorganic nitrate this response to orthostasis may be altered by acute supplementation with inorganic nitrate and modified by ethnic origin. Caucasian and SE Asian (n = 30 for both), were recruit...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13010
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Renin gene expression was investigated in kidneys from 13 foetal and four adult sheep. 2. The levels of renal renin mRNA in foetuses were greater than those in adult sheep (P < 0.001). 3. There was no significant difference in renin mRNA levels between foetuses aged 91 and 134 days (term 150 days). 4. The levels of...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb01758.x
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Kynurenine aminotransferase catalyzes the conversion of kynurenine to kynurenic acid, an endogenous antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors. The kynurenic acid content and kynurenine aminotransferase activity was measured in micro-dissected regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensi...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02460.x
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We examined the effects of torasemide (0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.v.) on renal haemodynamics and function employing renal clearance and stop-flow techniques in anaesthetized dogs and compared these with furosemide (1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.). 2. Torasemide and furosemide did not influence renal haemodynamics, in the renal clearanc...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01483.x
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Mathematical modelling is useful in pharmacology, allowing the investigator to obtain insights into the biological processes under study that may not always be intuitively obvious. Examples are presented in this review using the pharmacology of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist xanomeline. 2. Xa...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03376.x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of cyclic GMP was investigated using guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP showed a dose-dependent relaxation of spontaneous tension of tracheal smooth muscle. Administration of sodium nitroprusside induced dose-dependent relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle as well as an increase in tissue ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00313.x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effect of cicletanine, a novel antihypertensive agent with natriuretic activity, on blood pressure and progression of renal failure of 5/6 nephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats with salt loading was examined. 2. All nephrectomized rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups and their diet was cha...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03021.x
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The aims of the present study were to investigate the pharmacological effects of quercetin on wild-type (WT) and mutant (I502A) human (h) Kv1.5 channel currents (I(kur)) and to identify whether mutation in the S6 segment is critical to activation of I(kur) by quercetin. 2. Experiments were performed on WT and site-...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05061.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repaglinide is a short-acting insulin secretagogue, which often results in considerable interindividual variability in therapeutic efficacy when widely used in a clinical setting. Among various reasons under discussion is genetic polymorphism, especially the genes related to insulin secretion and resistance. Recent st...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12314
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In a recent review article, the problem of making false-positive inferences as a result of making multiple comparisons between groups of experimental units or between experimental outcomes was addressed. 2. It was concluded that the most universally applicable solution was to use the Ryan-Holm step-down Bonferroni ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03223.x
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The development of microneurography, in which an insulated tungsten microelectrode is inserted into an accessible peripheral or cranial nerve in awake human subjects, has allowed detailed analyses of the signalling capacities of single mechanoreceptive afferents from the skin, muscles and joints. For example, we kn...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04143.x
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The beta-receptor stimulant effects of Sm220Cl, dl-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylpropyl)-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine, and (-)-isoprenaline have been compared in isolated atrial (beta1) and tracheal (beta2) preparations from guinea-pigs and cats. 2. The compounds were also tested for their ability t...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02672.x
更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the control of glomerular haemodynamics and is synthesized from the amino acid L-arginine by a family of enzymes, NO synthase (NOS). 2. Nitric oxide synthase is present in the endothelium and also in the macula densa, a plaque of specialized tubular epithelial cells. End...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02094.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Receptors for parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the renal tubule are coupled to adenylate cyclase stimulation. PTH causes a rise in urinary cAMP by leakage from adenylate cyclase stimulation. PTH causes a rise in urinary cAMP by leakage from cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. The effects of alpha-adrenergic agonists ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00287.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Azithromycin (AZM) has been used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the effects and underlying mechanisms of AZM remain largely unknown. The effects of AZM on airway smooth muscles (ASMs) and the underlying mechanisms were studied using isometric muscle force measure...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13062
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Rats fed high dietary fructose are documented to form an acquired model of insulin resistance. The present study measured the effects of administration of L-carnitine (CA) on lens protein glycation, oxidative stress and redox homeostasis in rats fed a high-fructose diet. 2. Animals were divided into four groups: (i...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04815.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Epidemiological evidence indicates that low birthweight increases the risk of a number of adult-onset diseases. It is now apparent that many babies with a low birthweight may have been subjected to a combination of reduced growth rates in utero as well as preterm birth. However, the long-term effects of preterm bir...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03552.x
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Plasma concentrations of prorenin were determined in a transgenic animal model of nephropathy induced by overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 2. In both female and male mice, plasma concentrations of prorenin were higher in transgenic than in non-transgenic anim...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03330.x
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus and depressive disorders are both common chronic diseases that increase functional disability and social burden. Cognitive impairment is a potentially debilitating feature of depression. Previous evidence indicates that the antidiabetic drug metformin could be suitable for diabetic patients with cogn...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12265
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Infections and related sepsis are two of the most prevalent issues in the care of critically ill patients, with mortality as high as 70%. Appropriate antibiotic selection, as well as adequate dosing, is important to improve the clinical outcome for these patients. 2. β-Lactams are the most common antibiotic class u...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05715.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Responses of the toad isolated rectus abdominis muscle to cumulative doses of carbachol were recorded in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of cimetidine or ranitidine. The corresponding cumulative log concentration-response curves for carbachol were then plotted for each antagonist studied. Cimetidine ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00946.x
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effect of endothelin on phosphatidylinositol turnover in rat atria was investigated by measuring the generation of inositol phosphates following [3H]-inositol labelling. 2. In the presence of 10 mmol/L LiCl, endothelin caused dose-dependent increases in the accumulation of inositol mono, bis and trisphosphates ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01320.x
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is strongly associated with atherosclerosis, and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie atherosclerosis and AMI are undefined at present. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the superfamily of G-prote...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05345.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNA plays an integral role in the development of atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-599 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were transfected with a miR-599 mimic and negative control, and then exposed to LP...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13316
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The renal medulla plays an important role in regulating body sodium and fluid balance and blood pressure homeostasis through its unique structural relationships and interactions between renomedullary interstitial cells (RMIC), renal tubules and medullary vasculature. 2. Several endocrine and/or paracrine factors, i...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03277.x
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, the roles of gene polymorphisms in poor responsiveness to aspirin were extensively investigated, with conflicting results. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to better assess the relationship between candidate genetic variants and poor responsiveness to aspirin. Eligible articles were searched in Pub...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12973
更新日期：2018-05-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Aerobic glycolysis plays a crucial role in cancer progression. Ketamine is often used for cancer pain relief in clinical settings. Moreover, ketamine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in many cancer cell types. However, the anti-tumour mechanism of ketamine is still poorly understood. In the present study, ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13248
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The role of cardiac reflexes in baroreflex control mechanisms and the changes that occur in chronic hypertension is reviewed. The rapid resetting properties of the arterial baroreceptors ensures its role in short-term rather than long-term control of blood pressure. 2. In hypertensive humans and animals, the barore...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02448.x
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
