Medical ethics: four principles plus attention to scope.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the circumstances of dog bites and identify risk factors. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire survey and case note review of victims of dog bites referred between 1982 and 1989. SETTING:One referral based regional plastic surgery unit. PATIENTS:146 consecutive patients referred for primary treatment of do...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Shewell PC,Nancarrow JD

更新日期：1991-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between contemporary combined hormonal contraceptives (including progestogen types in combined preparations and all progestogen-only products) and overall and specific types of ovarian cancer. DESIGN:Prospective, nationwide cohort study. SETTING:Denmark, 1995-2014. PARTICIPA...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Iversen L,Fielding S,Lidegaard Ø,Mørch LS,Skovlund CW,Hannaford PC

更新日期：2018-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the study was to determine the outcome in 181 diabetic patients with advanced, previously untreated renal impairment who had been identified in a survey conducted in six health regions in the United Kingdom in 1985. Late in 1987 questionnaires were sent to the consultant physicians, geriatricians, and nephr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1989-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria seem cost effective in standard analyses, but these do not take account of clinicians' response to test results. This study tested the impact of clinicians' response to rapid diagnostic test or microscopy results on the costs and benefits of testing at different levels of ma...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lubell Y,Reyburn H,Mbakilwa H,Mwangi R,Chonya S,Whitty CJ,Mills A

更新日期：2008-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a relation between urinary retention and temporal rhythms exists. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of patients presenting over three years. SETTING:Urology departments in two hospitals. PATIENTS:815 Patients presenting as emergency admissions with urinary retention and requiring immediate...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Payne SR,Deardon DJ,Abercrombie GF,Carlson GL

更新日期：1989-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate strength of associations between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and socioeconomic position during childhood and adulthood. DESIGN:Cross sectional analysis of status of cardiovascular risk factors and past and present social circumstances. SUBJECTS:5645 male participants in the west o...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Blane D,Hart CL,Smith GD,Gillis CR,Hole DJ,Hawthorne VM

更新日期：1996-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare patterns of admission to hospital and prognosis in white and South Asian patients newly admitted with heart failure, and to evaluate the effect of personal characteristics and comorbidity on outcome. DESIGN:Historical cohort study. SETTING:UK district health authority (population 960,000). PART...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Blackledge HM,Newton J,Squire IB

更新日期：2003-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the course and outcome of psychotic illness in a group of Afro-Caribbean patients resident in the United Kingdom and a group of white British patients. DESIGN:Cohort study of consecutive admissions followed up for four years. SUBJECTS:113 patients with psychotic illness of recent onset admitted ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McKenzie K,van Os J,Fahy T,Jones P,Harvey I,Toone B,Murray R

更新日期：1995-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess heat related mortalities in relation to climate within Europe. DESIGN:Observational population study. SETTING:North Finland, south Finland, Baden-Württemberg, Netherlands, London, north Italy, and Athens. SUBJECTS:People aged 65-74. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mortalities at temperatures above, below...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Keatinge WR,Donaldson GC,Cordioli E,Martinelli M,Kunst AE,Mackenbach JP,Nayha S,Vuori I

更新日期：2000-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Some existing laws and some proposed legislation regulating the practice of in vitro fertilization (IVF) limit its availability to infertile couples. Dawson and Singer question whether it is reasonable to so restrict access to IVF, and examine some of the medical and social circumstances in which IVF and the related ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dawson K,Singer P

更新日期：1990-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new triple S recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of healthy people in whom currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines had persistently not induced an immune response. DESIGN:Single centre, randomised, double blind, dose-response study. SETTING:Rese...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Zuckerman JN,Sabin C,Craig FM,Williams A,Zuckerman AJ

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To re-evaluate the causal effect of interpregnancy interval on adverse birth outcomes, on the basis that previous studies relying on between mother comparisons may have inadequately adjusted for confounding by maternal risk factors. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study using conditional logistic regression (mat...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ball SJ,Pereira G,Jacoby P,de Klerk N,Stanley FJ

更新日期：2014-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect on time to diagnosis of recurrence and on quality of life of transferring primary responsibility for follow up of women with breast cancer in remission from hospital to general practice. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with 18 month follow up in which women received routine follow up ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Grunfeld E,Mant D,Yudkin P,Adewuyi-Dalton R,Cole D,Stewart J,Fitzpatrick R,Vessey M

更新日期：1996-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between macrolide antibiotics prescribing during pregnancy and major malformations, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder in children. DESIGN:Population based cohort study. SETTING:The UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fan H,Gilbert R,O'Callaghan F,Li L

更新日期：2020-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long term effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump therapy) on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Swedish National Diabetes Register, Sweden 2005-12. PARTICIPANTS:18,168 people with type 1 dia...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Steineck I,Cederholm J,Eliasson B,Rawshani A,Eeg-Olofsson K,Svensson AM,Zethelius B,Avdic T,Landin-Olsson M,Jendle J,Gudbjörnsdóttir S,Swedish National Diabetes Register.

更新日期：2015-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To directly compare the performance and externally validate the three most studied prediction tools for osteoporotic fractures-QFracture, FRAX, and Garvan-using data from electronic health records. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Payer provider healthcare organisation in Israel. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dagan N,Cohen-Stavi C,Leventer-Roberts M,Balicer RD

更新日期：2017-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In most European countries health has been shown to be linked to social circumstances--gradients in health status have persisted for decades, despite major changes in the principal causes of death. In central and eastern Europe life expectancy has stagnated since the mid-60s, whereas in the West it has increased; but ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Power C

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:For the past 18 years there has been a proliferation of European committees, boards, associations, colleges, and working groups set up to promote the harmonisation of specialist training in Europe. It has been taken as read that this objective is desirable. The fact that these bodies have achieved remarkably little is...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Brearley S

更新日期：1995-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A randomised controlled trial of two management regimens was carried out in women patients over 65 years of age with hip fractures. Ninety seven patients were admitted to a designated orthopaedic geriatric unit and 125 to orthopaedic wards. No difference was observed in mortality, length of stay, or placement of patie...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gilchrist WJ,Newman RJ,Hamblen DL,Williams BO

更新日期：1988-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a two year exercise programme of progressive balance retraining in reducing injurious falls among women aged 75-85 at increased risk of falls and injuries and living in the community. DESIGN:Pragmatic multicentre, two arm, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. SETTING:2...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： El-Khoury F,Cassou B,Latouche A,Aegerter P,Charles MA,Dargent-Molina P

更新日期：2015-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in the primary prevention of age related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Search of seven databases without limits on year or language of publication, and retrieval of references in pertinent reviews an...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Chong EW,Wong TY,Kreis AJ,Simpson JA,Guymer RH

更新日期：2007-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia associated with coronary artery disease in diabetic subjects with that in controls of similar age and sex. DESIGN:A controlled study in which subjects with positive findings on exercise electrocardiography, 24 hour electrocardiographic recording, or dy...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Koistinen MJ

更新日期：1990-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the use of inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia among asthmatic women. DESIGN:Nested case-control study. SETTING:Three administrative health databases from Quebec: RAMQ, MED-ECHO, and Fichier des evenements demog...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Martel MJ,Rey E,Beauchesne MF,Perreault S,Lefebvre G,Forget A,Blais L

更新日期：2005-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings. DESIGN:Systematic review. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CAB Health, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, the database of abstracts of review...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Smith SM,Soubhi H,Fortin M,Hudon C,O'Dowd T

更新日期：2012-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of surgery with disc prosthesis versus non-surgical treatment for patients with chronic low back pain. DESIGN:A prospective randomised multicentre study. SETTING:Five university hospitals in Norway. PARTICIPANTS:173 patients with a history of low back pain for at least one year, Osw...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hellum C,Johnsen LG,Storheim K,Nygaard OP,Brox JI,Rossvoll I,Rø M,Sandvik L,Grundnes O,Norwegian Spine Study Group.

更新日期：2011-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of the timing of first postnatal home visit by community health workers on neonatal mortality. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected data using time varying discrete hazard models to estimate hazard ratios for neonatal mortality according to day of first postnatal home visit. DATA ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Baqui AH,Ahmed S,El Arifeen S,Darmstadt GL,Rosecrans AM,Mannan I,Rahman SM,Begum N,Mahmud AB,Seraji HR,Williams EK,Winch PJ,Santosham M,Black RE,Projahnmo 1 Study Group.

更新日期：2009-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the claim that 90% of episodes of low back pain that present to general practice have resolved within one month. DESIGN:Prospective study of all adults consulting in general practice because of low back pain over 12 months with follow up at 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months after consultation. ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Croft PR,Macfarlane GJ,Papageorgiou AC,Thomas E,Silman AJ

更新日期：1998-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of body mass index (BMI) and the risk of all cause mortality, and to clarify the shape and the nadir of the dose-response curve, and the influence on the results of confounding from smoking, weight loss associated with disease, and preclinical...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Aune D,Sen A,Prasad M,Norat T,Janszky I,Tonstad S,Romundstad P,Vatten LJ

更新日期：2016-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate trends between 1972-6 and 1996 in the prevalences of asthma and hay fever in adults. DESIGN:Two epidemiological surveys 20 years apart. Identical questions were asked about asthma, hay fever, and respiratory symptoms at each survey. SETTING:Renfrew and Paisley, two towns in the west of Scotland....

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Upton MN,McConnachie A,McSharry C,Hart CL,Smith GD,Gillis CR,Watt GC

更新日期：2000-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or stroke in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). DESIGN:Matched cohort study. SETTING:Population based, electronic primary healthcare databases before 31 December 2015 from four European coun...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Alexander M,Loomis AK,van der Lei J,Duarte-Salles T,Prieto-Alhambra D,Ansell D,Pasqua A,Lapi F,Rijnbeek P,Mosseveld M,Avillach P,Egger P,Dhalwani NN,Kendrick S,Celis-Morales C,Waterworth DM,Alazawi W,Sattar N

更新日期：2019-10-08 00:00:00