Changing to generic formulary: how one fundholding practice reduced prescribing costs.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To report the percentage of graduates from British medical schools who eventually practise medicine in the British NHS. DESIGN:Cohort studies using postal questionnaires, employment data, and capture-recapture analysis. SETTING:Great Britain. SUBJECTS:32 430 graduates from all British medical schools in ni...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Goldacre MJ,Davidson JM,Lambert TW

更新日期：2009-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus disease and to assess its impact on diarrhoea in children aged less than 2 years after national introduction in El Salvador, a low-middle income country in Central America. DESIGN:Matched case-control study. SETTING:Sev...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： de Palma O,Cruz L,Ramos H,de Baires A,Villatoro N,Pastor D,de Oliveira LH,Kerin T,Bowen M,Gentsch J,Esposito DH,Parashar U,Tate J,Patel M

更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To undertake a cost effectiveness analysis comparing first and second generation endometrial ablative techniques, hysterectomy, and the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for treating heavy menstrual bleeding. DESIGN:Model based economic evaluation with data from an individual patient data...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Roberts TE,Tsourapas A,Middleton LJ,Champaneria R,Daniels JP,Cooper KG,Bhattacharya S,Barton PM

更新日期：2011-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To develop an easily applicable diagnostic scoring method to determine the presence of peptic ulcers in dyspeptic patients in a primary care setting; to evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori testing adds value to history taking. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:General practitioners' offices in the Utr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Weijnen CF,Numans ME,de Wit NJ,Smout AJ,Moons KG,Verheij TJ,Hoes AW

更新日期：2001-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the long term risk of cervical and other cancers after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. PARTICIPANTS:7564 women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during 1974 and 2001 and followed up th...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kalliala I,Anttila A,Pukkala E,Nieminen P

更新日期：2005-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of social deprivation on survival after cardiac surgery and to examine the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected data. Prognostic models used to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on the end points. SETTING:Birming...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pagano D,Freemantle N,Bridgewater B,Howell N,Ray D,Jackson M,Fabri BM,Au J,Keenan D,Kirkup B,Keogh BE,Quality and Outcomes Research Unit (QuORU) UHB Birmingham.,North West Quality Improvement Programme in Cardiac Interventions (U

更新日期：2009-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of two different food supplements on body mass index (BMI) in wasted Malawian adults with HIV who were starting antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN:Randomised, investigator blinded, controlled trial. SETTING:Large, public clinic associated with a referral hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ndekha MJ,van Oosterhout JJ,Zijlstra EE,Manary M,Saloojee H,Manary MJ

更新日期：2009-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of a theoretically based sex education programme (SHARE) delivered by teachers compared with conventional education in terms of conceptions and terminations registered by the NHS. DESIGN:Follow-up of cluster randomised trial 4.5 years after intervention. SETTING:NHS records of women who...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Henderson M,Wight D,Raab GM,Abraham C,Parkes A,Scott S,Hart G

更新日期：2007-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the risk of acute hepatotoxicity associated with nimesulide compared with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort and nested case-control study. SETTING:Umbria region, Italy. PARTICIPANTS:400 000 current, recent, and past users (almost 2 million prescriptions) o...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Traversa G,Bianchi C,Da Cas R,Abraha I,Menniti-Ippolito F,Venegoni M

更新日期：2003-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the processes involved in and impact of mergers between NHS trusts, including the effect on management costs. DESIGN:Cross sectional study involving in depth interviews and documentary analysis; case study to compare savings in management costs between case trusts and control trusts. SETTING:Nine t...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fulop N,Protopsaltis G,Hutchings A,King A,Allen P,Normand C,Walters R

更新日期：2002-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation with single embryo transfer or in vitro fertilisation in a modified natural cycle with that of intrauterine insemination with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in terms of a healthy child. DESIGN:Multicentre, open label, three arm, parallel group, ran...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bensdorp AJ,Tjon-Kon-Fat RI,Bossuyt PM,Koks CA,Oosterhuis GJ,Hoek A,Hompes PG,Broekmans FJ,Verhoeve HR,de Bruin JP,van Golde R,Repping S,Cohlen BJ,Lambers MD,van Bommel PF,Slappendel E,Perquin D,Smeenk JM,Pelinck MJ,

更新日期：2015-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify the frequency with which antibiotics are prescribed in the absence of a documented indication in the ambulatory care setting, to quantify the potential effect on assessments of appropriateness of antibiotics, and to understand patient, provider, and visit level characteristics associated with ant...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ray MJ,Tallman GB,Bearden DT,Elman MR,McGregor JC

更新日期：2019-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To find out what inpatients with advanced cancer who are receiving palliative care think about the effect of thromoprophylaxis on overall quality of life. DESIGN:Qualitative study using audiotaping of semistructured interviews. SETTING:Regional cancer centre in Wales. PARTICIPANTS:28 inpatients with advanc...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Noble SI,Nelson A,Turner C,Finlay IG

更新日期：2006-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe temporal trends in the time interval between first and second attempts at defibrillation and the association between this time interval and outcomes in patients with persistent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) arrest in hospital. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study SETTI...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bradley SM,Liu W,Chan PS,Nallamothu BK,Grunwald GK,Self A,Sasson C,Varosy PD,Anderson ML,Schneider PM,Ho PM,American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators.

更新日期：2016-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of oral rehydration in children with moderate dehydration caused by gastroenteritis, and to compare the complications of oral and intravenous treatment. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Emergency department and infectious diseases ward in a large urban teaching hosp...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Mackenzie A,Barnes G

更新日期：1991-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A total of 22,552 workers employed by the Atomic Weapons Establishment between 1951 and 1982 were followed up for an average of 18.6 years. Of the 3115 who died, 865 (28%) died of cancer. Mortality was 23% lower than the national average for all causes of death and 18% lower for cancer. These low rates were consistent...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Beral V,Fraser P,Carpenter L,Booth M,Brown A,Rose G

更新日期：1988-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A doctor who performed an abortion in Poland faces two years in prison and the loss of his medical license for up to 10 years if he is found guilty of violating the new abortion laws introduced in 1993 after a lengthy campaign by the Catholic church and the Christian Democratic Union party. The new laws permit aborti...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gajewski M

更新日期：1995-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between cerebral palsy and direct evidence for perinatal exposure to neurotropic viruses. DESIGN:Population based case-control study. SETTING:Adelaide Women's and Children's Hospital Research Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Newborn screening cards of 443 wh...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gibson CS,MacLennan AH,Goldwater PN,Haan EA,Priest K,Dekker GA,South Australian Cerebral Palsy Research Group.

更新日期：2006-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Some existing laws and some proposed legislation regulating the practice of in vitro fertilization (IVF) limit its availability to infertile couples. Dawson and Singer question whether it is reasonable to so restrict access to IVF, and examine some of the medical and social circumstances in which IVF and the related ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dawson K,Singer P

更新日期：1990-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed greatly over the past 15 years. Progress in the surgical management of the primary tumor and increased understanding of the molecular biology and genomics of the disease have led to the development of new therapeutic agents. The management of the primary tumor ha...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Jonasch E,Gao J,Rathmell WK

更新日期：2014-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:There is currently much debate about how to improve undergraduate medical education, and in particular on how best to prepare students for clinical responsibility. For 20 years a period of trainee internship has formed part of New Zealand medical students' undergraduate training, and the model could have much to offer...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Allen PI,Colls BM

更新日期：1994-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the concerns of singlehanded general practitioners working in an inner London area and to compare the views of general practitioners in partnerships. DESIGN:Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with a random sample of singlehanded general practitioners and a sample of general practit...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Green JM

更新日期：1993-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of an intervention to enhance self management support for patients with chronic conditions in UK primary care. DESIGN:Pragmatic, two arm, cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:General practices, serving a population in northwest England with high levels of deprivation. ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kennedy A,Bower P,Reeves D,Blakeman T,Bowen R,Chew-Graham C,Eden M,Fullwood C,Gaffney H,Gardner C,Lee V,Morris R,Protheroe J,Richardson G,Sanders C,Swallow A,Thompson D,Rogers A,Salford National Institute for Health R

更新日期：2013-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To measure the prevalence of domestic violence among women attending general practice; test the association between experience of domestic violence and demographic factors; evaluate the extent of recording of domestic violence in records held by general practices; and assess acceptability to women of screeni...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Richardson J,Coid J,Petruckevitch A,Chung WS,Moorey S,Feder G

更新日期：2002-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether use of intermediate acting neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia increases the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications. DESIGN:Prospective, propensity score matched cohort study. SETTING:General teaching hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 20...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Grosse-Sundrup M,Henneman JP,Sandberg WS,Bateman BT,Uribe JV,Nguyen NT,Ehrenfeld JM,Martinez EA,Kurth T,Eikermann M

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine how much oncologists tell patients about the survival benefit of palliative chemotherapy during consultations at which decisions about treatment are made. DESIGN:Qualitative study in which consultations were observed and digitally recorded. SETTING:Teaching hospital and district general hospital ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Audrey S,Abel J,Blazeby JM,Falk S,Campbell R

更新日期：2008-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer, the most prevalent cancer in the Western world, is mainly caused by smoking. Nevertheless, only 20% of smokers develop lung cancer and while prevention is important, environmental factors are expected to contribute to the predicted rise in the incidence of lung cancer in the next 25 years. Survival of lun...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sethi T

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated care programme, combining a patient directed and a workplace directed intervention, for patients with chronic low back pain. DESIGN:Population based randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Primary care (10 physiotherapy practices, one occupational health service, ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lambeek LC,van Mechelen W,Knol DL,Loisel P,Anema JR

更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To establish whether there is evidence of the efficacy of homoeopathy from controlled trials in humans. DESIGN:Criteria based meta-analysis. Assessment of the methodological quality of 107 controlled trials in 96 published reports found after an extensive search. Trials were scored using a list of predefined...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kleijnen J,Knipschild P,ter Riet G

更新日期：1991-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the protective efficacy of measles vaccination in infants in a low income country before 9 months of age. DESIGN:Randomised clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS:1333 infants aged 4.5 months: 441 in treatment group and 892 in control group. SETTING:Urban area in Guinea-Bissau. INTERVENTION:Measles vacci...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Martins CL,Garly ML,Balé C,Rodrigues A,Ravn H,Whittle HC,Lisse IM,Aaby P

更新日期：2008-07-24 00:00:00