Abstract:
:1. The neuronal release of acetylcholine (ACh) and its autoregulation by neuromodulators, substance P (SP) and methionine enkephalin (MEK), have been studied using superfused rodent cerebral slices. Nicotine exerts significant effects on autoregulation of ACh release, which may have toxicological implications. 2. Positive and negative feedback systems have been postulated for autoregulation of ACh release. The components of the positive feedback system include a muscarinic (Ms) receptor, SP, and activation of Ca2+ influx. Low levels of ACh in the biophase of the cholinergic synaptic gap may trigger the positive feedback system, and high levels of ACh may trigger the negative feedback system. 3. There are also neuronal pathways for direct reciprocal regulations of SP and MEK. 4. Low concentrations of nicotine triggers the release of ACh followed by MEK and SP. Release of SP causes neurogenic inflammation. 5. Nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine, activate platelet activating factor (PAF)-hydrolase and thereby enhance the turnover rate of PAF. This effect may contribute to tobacco-induced arterial thrombosis in peripheral and central nervous systems.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Sastry BVdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01997.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-04-01 00:00:00pages
288-90issue
4eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::1. Measurements were made on blood pH, PCO2 and PO2 in mice after a single injection and following five weeks continuous clonidine hydrochloride treatment. 2. A single injection of clonidine hydrochloride exerts no effect on blood pH, PCO2 and PO2 but five weeks of continuous clonidine hydrochloride treatment lowers t...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1982.tb00840.x
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The vascular contractile effects of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) isolated from control rabbits and from rabbits made atherosclerotic by 1% cholesterol feeding for 8 weeks were examined. 2. Rings of control rabbit thoracic aorta with or without endothelium were mounted at 2 g tension in 10 mL organ baths and w...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02486.x
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receptors for parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the renal tubule are coupled to adenylate cyclase stimulation. PTH causes a rise in urinary cAMP by leakage from adenylate cyclase stimulation. PTH causes a rise in urinary cAMP by leakage from cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. The effects of alpha-adrenergic agonists ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00287.x
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of behavioural deficits among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in ASD remain unclear. In the present study, a murine model with ASD-like phenotypes was induced by intra-medial a...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12378
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00313.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Neurotensin is released from the intestine into the portal circulation and to exert a systemic effect it must traverse the liver intact. 2. The role of the liver in neurotensin clearance was examined using the isolated perfused rat liver preparation. Two concentrations of neurotensin were used to determine the extr...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01870.x
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04069.x
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to Guyton's model, impaired renal sodium excretion plays a key role in the increased salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP). Several factors contribute to impaired renal sodium excretion, including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone. Accumulating evidence suggests t...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12177
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiotoxin (CTX) III, a basic polypeptide with 60 amino acid residues isolated from Naja naja atra venom, has been reported to have anticancer activity. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of CTX III in human leukaemia (HL-60 cells). Cardiotoxin III activated the en...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04968.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating reports have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the occurrence and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). LncRNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) has been widely reported in hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, but the r...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13283
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04559.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Anastomosis (vasovasostomy) of epididymal and prostatic halves of vasa deferentia was carried out in rats in which unilateral or bilateral medial transection (vasectomy) had been performed 4 weeks previously. 2. Noradrenaline levels in epididymal halves of vasa deferentia, 8 weeks after anastomosis with prostatic h...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00984.x
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Afferent splanchnic nerve stimulation with different frequencies in Wistar Kyoto rats caused depressor and pressor responses depending on the frequency employed. Similar visceral afferent activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats caused depressor responses at all frequencies of stimulation. It is suggested that th...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1985.tb00300.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease. The aim of the present study was to identify the gene mutation in a Chinese family with LQTS and investigate the functional changes associated with the mutation. 2. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to screen for the KCN...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05150.x
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In order to determine whether the antihypertensive effect of neonatal thymectomy in genetically hypertensive rats could be mediated through altered adrenal function, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary excretion of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B) and aldosterone were measured in thymectomized hy...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01030.x
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Renin mRNA is present in the kidney and, in lower concentrations, in many extrarenal tissues and serves as an index of renin gene activity, as well as potential renin or prorenin synthesis in cell populations within those tissues. Unfortunately the quantity can be very low. 2. A new, highly sensitive technique is d...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01463.x
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the [(13)C]-octanoic acid breath test, the time versus pulmonary [(13)CO(2)] excretion rate curve is analysed using mathematical curve-fitting techniques to calculate gastric emptying parameters. Thus, the goodness-of-fit highly influences the accuracy of the breath test. However, a double-peaked [(13)CO(2)] exc...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Hypoxia arises in solid tumour because of inefficient blood supply. While hypoxic cells are resistant to radiotherapy and probably to many chemotherapeutic drugs they can, in principle, be turned to advantage through the development of hypoxia-activated cytotoxic drugs (bioreductive drugs). 2. Three general approac...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01956.x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone that affects various processes, including growth hormone and insulin release, appetite regulation, gut motility, metabolism and cancer cell proliferation. Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and in other normal and pathological cell types. It may act as an endocrine or au...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05241.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05283.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. To investigate whether the difference in the SA gene expression in the kidneys is causally related to the pathogenesis of hypertension, we reassessed the expression of the SA gene in the kidneys of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), its stroke-prone substrain (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat from different...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01777.x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the effect of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor antagonists on the rocuronium-induced train of four (TOF) fade and tetanic fade, respectively. Ex-vivo phrenic nerves and diaphragms were obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley rats and stabilized in Krebs buffer; the nerve-stimulated muscle TOF fade was ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12763
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. DOCA and 9 alpha-fludrocortisone were given to mice on a high-sodium diet for periods of up to 20 weeks, resulting in decreases in plasma renin concentration, renal renin concentration and renal renin mRNA with both treatments. 2. Plasma renin concentration was suppressed prior to suppression of renin mRNA and rena...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01614.x
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Rats and mice were vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae in different vaccination schedules whereafter blood eosinophils were counted. In rats a single vaccination resulted in a dose-dependent effect on the blood eosinophil count in a pattern comparable with that after Bordetella pertussis vaccination. In a long-t...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1979.tb00018.x
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We investigated the effect of exercise on plasma adrenomedullin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations and studied the relationship between these peptides and haemodynamic parameters in nine patients with old myocardial infarction (MI) and in eight normal subjects. 2. T...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01194.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Stimulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system, by micro-injection of the substance P analogue [pGlu5,MePhe8,Sar9] substance P (DiMe-C7) into the ventral tegmental area induced a prolonged increase in blood pressure and circulating levels of vasopressin. 2. In the present study, this treatment produced a significant...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02264.x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural requirements for the inhibition of 6-methyl-hydroxylation of the antitumour agent 5,6-dimethyl-xanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) by acridine analogues and use a CYP1A2 homology model to provide some insight into this interaction. 2. Concentrations causin...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0305-1870.2005.04243.x
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present study examined the effects of an aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (AFE) on both hepatic fibrosis and regeneration in rats. 2. Fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 3 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks. 3. In DMN-treated rats, liver cirrhosis-ass...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04062.x
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has acute effects on cardiovascular function, including a well-characterized vasodilator response in isolated arteries. In addition to increasing the release of nitric oxide, IGF-I also has effects on a variety of other signalling pathways that affect vascular tone, in particular ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04510.x
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Renomedullary interstitial cells (RMIC), abundant throughout the medulla of the kidney, have been demonstrated to have binding sites for many vasoactive peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelin, angiotensin II and bradykinin (BK). These observations would support the hypothesis that interactions b...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.02981.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00