Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Sarcoptic mange causes significant animal welfare and occasional conservation concerns for bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) throughout their range. To date, in situ chemotherapeutic interventions have involved macrocytic lactones, but their short duration of action and need for frequent re-administration has limited treatment success. Fluralaner (Bravecto®; MSD Animal Health), a novel isoxazoline class ectoparasiticide, has several advantageous properties that may overcome such limitations. METHODS:Fluralaner was administered topically at 25 mg/kg (n = 5) and 85 mg/kg (n = 2) to healthy captive bare-nosed wombats. Safety was assessed over 12 weeks by clinical observation and monitoring of haematological and biochemical parameters. Fluralaner plasma pharmacokinetics were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Efficacy was evaluated through clinical assessment of response to treatment, including mange and body condition scoring, for 15 weeks after topical administration of 25 mg/kg fluralaner to sarcoptic mange-affected wild bare-nosed wombats (n = 3). Duration of action was determined through analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters and visual inspection of study subjects for ticks during the monitoring period. Methods for diluting fluralaner to enable 'pour-on' application were compared, and an economic and treatment effort analysis of fluralaner relative to moxidectin was undertaken. RESULTS:No deleterious health impacts were detected following fluralaner administration. Fluralaner was absorbed and remained quantifiable in plasma throughout the monitoring period. For the 25 mg/kg and 85 mg/kg treatment groups, the respective means for maximum recorded plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 6.2 and 16.4 ng/ml; for maximum recorded times to Cmax, 3.0 and 37.5 days; and for plasma elimination half-lives, 40.1 and 166.5 days. Clinical resolution of sarcoptic mange was observed in all study animals within 3-4 weeks of treatment, and all wombats remained tick-free for 15 weeks. A suitable product for diluting fluralaner into a 'pour-on' was found. Treatment costs were competitive, and predicted treatment effort was substantially lower relative to moxidectin. CONCLUSIONS:Fluralaner appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment for sarcoptic mange in the bare-nosed wombat, with a single dose lasting over 1-3 months. It has economic and treatment-effort-related advantages over moxidectin, the most commonly used alternative. We recommend a dose of 25 mg/kg fluralaner and, based on the conservative assumption that at least 50% of a dose makes dermal contact, Bravecto Spot-On for Large Dogs as the most appropriate formulation for adult bare-nosed wombats.
journal_name
Parasit Vectorsjournal_title
Parasites & vectorsauthors
Wilkinson V,Tokano K,Nichols D,Martin A,Holme R,Phalen D,Mounsey K,Charleston M,Kreiss A,Pye R,Browne E,Næsborg-Nielsen C,Richards SA,Carver Sdoi
10.1186/s13071-020-04500-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-06 00:00:00pages
18issue
1issn
1756-3305pii
10.1186/s13071-020-04500-9journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are debilitating diseases caused by filarial nematodes. Disease pathogenesis is induced by inflammatory responses following the death of the parasite. Wolbachia endosymbionts of filariae are potent inducers of innate and adaptive inflammation and bacterial lipoproteins...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-99
更新日期:2010-10-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Paratransgenesis is an approach to reducing arthropod vector competence using genetically modified symbionts. When applied to control of Chagas disease, the symbiont bacterium Rhodococcus rhodnii, resident in the gut lumen of the triatomine vector Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), is transformed to ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-77
更新日期:2011-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The identification of Trypanosoma cruzi and blood-meal sources in synanthropic triatomines is important to assess the potential risk of Chagas disease transmission. We identified T. cruzi infection and blood-meal sources of triatomines caught in and around houses in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, a...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3849-1
更新日期:2019-12-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Sudan. It is caused by Leishmania major parasites and transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi sandflies. Recently, uncommon clinical manifestations of CL have been reported. Moreover, L. donovani parasites that cause Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) have been isolated from C...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-249
更新日期:2012-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trichinella spiralis expresses paramyosin (Ts-Pmy) not only as a structural protein but also as an immunomodulator that inhibits host complement as a survival strategy. Previous studies demonstrated that Ts-Pmy bound to complement components C8 and C9 and inhibited the polymerization of C9 during the formati...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-313
更新日期:2014-07-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knowledge on the capacity of Australian ticks to carry Borrelia species is currently limited or missing. To evaluate the potential of ticks to carry bacterial pathogens and their DNA, it is imperative to have a robust workflow that maximises recovery of bacterial DNA within ticks in order to enable accurate ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2579-5
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have previously reported that progesterone (P4) has a direct in vitro effect on the scolex evagination and growth of Taenia solium cysticerci. Here, we explored the hypothesis that the P4 direct effect on T. solium might be mediated by a novel steroid-binding parasite protein. METHODS:By way of using imm...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2703-1
更新日期:2018-03-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abundance and species composition of sympatric malaria vector species are the important factors governing transmission intensity. A widespread insecticidal bed net coverage may replace endophagic species with exophagic species. However, unique local environments also influence a vector population. This study...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-63
更新日期:2014-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Mosquito salivary proteins are involved in several biological processes that facilitate their blood feeding and have also been reported to elicit an IgG response in vertebrates. A growing number of studies have focused on this immunological response for its potential use as a biological marker of exposure to arthropod...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-33
更新日期:2011-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The intestinal epithelium plays a multifactorial role in mucosal defense. In this sense, augmented epithelial cell turnover appears as a potential effector mechanism for the rejection of intestinal-dwelling helminths. METHODS:A BrdU pulse-chase experiment was conducted to investigate the infection-induced a...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0948-5
更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease in the world. Epidemiological and ecological studies of malaria traditionally utilize detection of Plasmodium sporozoites in whole mosquitoes or salivary glands by microscopy or serological or molecular assays. However, these methods are labor-intensive, and...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3610-9
更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fibrinogen-related proteins with lectin activity are believed to be part of the tick innate immune system. Several fibrinogen-related proteins have been described and characterised mainly on the basis of their cDNA sequences while direct biochemical evidence is missing. One of them, the haemolymph lectin Dor...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-127
更新日期:2011-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Culex pipiens L. is the most widespread mosquito vector in temperate regions including North Africa. Cx. pipiens has two recognized forms or biotypes; pipiens and molestus are morphologically indistinguishable with distinct behavior and physiology that may influence their vectorial status. In our study, we p...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-83
更新日期:2012-04-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intestinal parasite infections (IPIs) are among the most significant causes of illness and disease of socially and economically disadvantaged populations in developing countries, including rural areas of the People's Republic of China. With the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among rural Chi...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-36
更新日期:2012-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The white-naped squirrel, Simosciurus nebouxii (previously known as Sciurus stramineus), has recently been identified as an important natural host for Trypanosoma cruzi in Ecuador. The nests of this species have been reported as having high infestation rates with the triatomine vector Rhodnius ecuadoriensis....
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-018-3138-4
更新日期:2018-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The argasid tick Ornithodoros erraticus is the vector of African swine fever virus and of several Borrelia species that cause human relapsing fever in the Iberian Peninsula. The tick midgut is part of the ectoparasite-host interface and expresses proteins that are vital for the survival of the tick. Midgut p...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1148-z
更新日期:2015-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low-density asymptomatic infections of Plasmodium spp. are common in low endemicity areas worldwide, but outside Africa, their contribution to malaria transmission is poorly understood. Community-based studies with highly sensitive molecular diagnostics are needed to quantify the asymptomatic reservoir of Pl...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2407-y
更新日期:2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Even though male-biased parasitism is common in mammals, little effort has been made to evaluate whether higher parasitic burden in males results in an extra biological cost, and thus a decrease in fitness. Body condition impairment and the augmentation of oxidative stress can be used as indicators of the co...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2060-5
更新日期:2017-04-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The abundance, richness and diversity of mosquitoes and aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites were surveyed along eight states of the Pacific coast of Mexico. Diversity was estimated using the Shannon index (H'), similarity measures and cluster analysis. METHODS:Oviposition sites were samp...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-41
更新日期:2014-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improved surveillance techniques are required to accelerate efforts against major arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, filariasis, Zika and yellow-fever. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are increasingly used in mosquito traps because they improve energy efficiency and battery longevity relative to ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3673-7
更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Soil-transmitted helminthiases are important neglected tropical diseases that result in a notably high number of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Characterizing the interactions between the human intestinal microbiome and helminths is of interest in the development of alternative treatments that do ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04580-1
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The sibling species of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) and Anopheles coluzzii co-exist in many parts of West Africa and are thought to have recently diverged through a process of ecological speciation with gene flow. Divergent larval ecological adaptations, resulting in Genotype-by-En...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04483-7
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) have been considered an important strategy for disrupting the malaria transmission cycle, especially for Plasmodium vivax malaria, which undergoes gametocytogenesis earlier during infection. Pvs25 and Pvs28 are transmission-blocking vaccine candidates for P. vivax malari...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-224
更新日期:2011-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aedes albopictus is widely distributed across tropical and sub-tropical regions and is associated with the transmission of several arboviruses. Although this species is increasingly relevant to public health due its ability to successfully colonize both urban and rural habitats, favoring the dispersion of vi...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-253
更新日期:2014-05-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The level of anthelmintic resistance within some cyathostomin parasite populations has increased to the level where sole reliance on anthelmintic-based control protocols is not possible. Management-based nematode control methods, including removal of faeces from pasture, are widely recommended for use in ass...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-48
更新日期:2014-01-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Invasive mosquito species (IMS) of the genus Aedes are a cause of increasing concern in Europe owing to their ability to vector important human viral diseases. Entomological surveillance to early detect alien mosquito and flavivirus circulation in Liguria, northwest Italy, has been carried out since 2011. R...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3589-2
更新日期:2019-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The chemical control of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, is being seriously threatened due to the development of pyrethroid resistance. Substitutions in the 1016 and 1534 sites of the voltage gated sodium channel (AaNaV), commonly known as kdr mutations, confer the mosquito with knockd...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-25
更新日期:2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Here we describe a case of paediatric visceral leishmaniasis recorded in an infant initially suspected for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia due to the clinical and haematological presentation. Eventually the patient was found positive for Leishmania infantum infection and successfully treated. This case emphasises how pi...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-123
更新日期:2013-04-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode of canids that can lead to a severe and potentially fatal disease. Recently, a new species, Spirocerca vulpis, was described from red foxes in Europe, suggesting a high genetic diversity of the Spirocerca spp. infecting canids. The genetic variation and phylogenetic re...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-018-3202-0
更新日期:2018-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Accurate identification of schistosome species infecting intermediate host snails is important for understanding parasite transmission, schistosomiasis control and elimination. Cercariae emerging from infected snails cannot be precisely identified morphologically to the species level. We used molecular tools...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3381-3
更新日期:2019-03-19 00:00:00