Abstract:
BACKGROUND:To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990-2020, and forecasts for 2050.
METHODS:We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and <6/12), moderate and severe vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60), and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation); and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia (presenting near vision journal_name journal_title authors doi subject pub_date pages issue issn pii journal_volume pub_type
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amid rapid urbanisation, the HIV epidemic, and increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, people in sub-Saharan Africa are especially vulnerable to kidney disease. Little is known about the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in sub-Saharan Africa, so we did a systematic review and meta-analysis...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70002-6
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few population-based studies of cerebral palsy have been done in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to examine cerebral palsy prevalence and subtypes, functional impairments, and presumed time of injury in children in Uganda. METHODS:In this population-based study, we used a nested, three-stag...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30374-1
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The reduction by a third of premature non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality by 2030 is the ambitious target of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.4. However, the indicator is narrowly defined, including only four major NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) an...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30035-8
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The way in which a government chooses to finance a health intervention can affect the uptake of health interventions and consequently the extent of health gains. In addition to health gains, some policies such as public finance can insure against catastrophic health expenditures. We aimed to evaluate the hea...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70346-8
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The population exposed to potentially hazardous substances through inappropriate and unsafe management practices related to disposal and recycling of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment, collectively known as e-waste, is increasing. We aimed to summarise the evidence for the association between s...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70101-3
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In South Africa, sputum smear microscopy has been replaced with Xpert MTB/RIF as the initial diagnostic test for tuberculosis. In a pragmatic parallel cluster-randomised trial, we evaluated the effect on patient and programme outcomes. METHODS:We randomly allocated 20 laboratories (clusters) in medium-burde...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00100-X
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:On Dec 1, 2006, Mexico's public health-care insurance scheme, Seguro Popular, implemented the Medical Insurance Century XXI (SMSXXI) programme, to provide insurance to children younger than 5 years without social security. SMSXXI aims to increase access to health services, decrease out-of-pocket health expen...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30326-2
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The intermittent administration of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is recommended to prevent malaria among children aged 3-59 months in areas of the Sahel subregion in Africa. However, the cost-effectiveness and cost savings of SMC have not previously been evaluated in large-scale studies. METHODS:We...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30475-7
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) have higher morbidity and mortality than children who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected despite safer breastfeeding and improved maternal health with maternal antiretroviral therapy. We present the first global estimates of the population of children who are HEU (...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30448-6
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The average age at which people start smoking has been decreasing in many countries, but insufficient evidence exists on the adult hazards of having started smoking in childhood and, especially, in early childhood. We aimed to investigate the association between smoking habits (focusing on the age when smoke...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30221-7
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Detection of dengue virus antibodies is important for understanding future dengue virus risk and for prevaccination screening. We aimed to evaluate the performance of a dengue IgG indirect ELISA in determining dengue seroprevalence in a cohort of children in the Philippines, using a focus reduction neutralis...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30392-2
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Avahan is a large-scale, HIV preventive intervention, targeting high-risk populations in south India. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of Avahan to inform global and national funding institutions who are considering investing in worldwide HIV prevention in concentrated epidemics. METHODS:We estimated cost...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70277-3
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As of 2018, the rubella vaccine had been incorporated into the national immunisation schedule of 168 countries, representing 87% of the world's population. Countries have used different strategies to reduce the burden of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), such as vaccinating only females. Given the different...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30320-X
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The burden of dengue virus (DENV) infection across geographical regions of India is poorly quantified. We estimated the age-specific seroprevalence, force of infection, and number of infections in India. METHODS:We did a community-based survey in 240 clusters (118 rural, 122 urban), selected from 60 distric...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30250-5
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:About 2·6 million third-trimester stillbirths occur annually worldwide, mostly in low-income and middle-income countries, where the causes of these deaths are rarely investigated. METHODS:We did a prospective, hospital-based, observational study in Soweto, South Africa, to investigate the causes of stillbir...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30541-2
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Global efforts to increase births at health-care facilities might not reduce maternal or newborn mortality if quality of care is insufficient. However, little systematic evidence exists for the quality at health facilities caring for women and newborn babies in low-income countries. We analysed the quality o...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30180-2
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The age-specific association between blood pressure and vascular disease has been studied mostly in high-income countries, and before the widespread use of brain imaging for diagnosis of the main stroke types (ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage). We aimed to investigate this relationship among ad...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30217-1
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The need for multiple clinical visits remains a barrier to women accessing safe legal medical abortion services. Alternatives to routine clinic follow-up visits have not been assessed in rural low-resource settings. We compared the effectiveness of standard clinic follow-up versus home assessment of outcome ...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00150-3
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No study of long-term protection following killed oral cholera vaccination has been done outside of the historically cholera-endemic areas of south Asia, or has examined protection after a single-dose vaccination regimen. To address this, we examined the duration of protection of the standard two-dose regime...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30284-5
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Timely access to emergency care can substantially reduce mortality. International benchmarks for access to emergency hospital care have been established to guide ambitions for universal health care by 2030. However, no Pan-African database of where hospitals are located exists; therefore, we aimed to complet...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30488-6
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2007, WHO launched a global initiative for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis (congenital syphilis). An important aspect of the initiative is strengthening surveillance to monitor progress towards elimination. In 2008, using a health systems model with country data inputs, WHO est...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30135-8
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Global rollout of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been hampered in part by insufficient safety data in pregnancy. We compared birth outcomes among women initiating dolutegravir-based ART with those among women initiating efavirenz-based ART in pregnancy in Botswana. METHODS:In this obser...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30218-3
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intervention coverage-the proportion of the population with a health-care need who receive care-does not account for intervention quality and potentially overestimates health benefits of services provided to populations. Effective coverage introduces the dimension of quality of care to the measurement of intervention ...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30104-2
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As the incomes of many AIDS-burdened countries grow and donors' budgets for helping to fight the disease tighten, national governments and external funding partners increasingly face the following question: what is the capacity of countries that are highly affected by AIDS to finance their responses from dom...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70342-0
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effects of political regimes on health are unclear because empirical evidence is neither strong nor robust. Traditional econometric tools do not allow the direction of causality to be established clearly. We used a new method to investigate whether political transition into democracy affected child morta...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30104-8
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The public health community has tried for decades to show, through evidence-based research, that safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and clean cooking fuels that reduce household air pollution are essential to safeguard health and save lives in low-income and middle-income countries. In the past 40 decades, the...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30476-9
更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have reported long-term data on mortality rates for children admitted to hospital with pneumonia in Africa. We examined trends in case fatality rates for all-cause clinical pneumonia and its risk factors in Malawian children between 2001 and 2012. METHODS:Individual patient data for children (<5...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00215-6
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Child stunting is a global problem and is only modestly responsive to dietary interventions. Numerous observational studies have shown that water quality, sanitation, and handwashing (WASH) in a household are strongly associated with linear growth of children living in the same household. We have completed three rando...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30268-2
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Policies for early detection of breast cancer, including clinical breast examinations and mammographic screening, were introduced in Brazil in 2004, but their effect on disease stage at diagnosis is unclear. We aimed to assess whether these policies have led to a decrease in the prevalence of late-stage brea...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30151-2
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:More timely estimates of malaria prevalence are needed to inform optimal control strategies and measure progress. Since 2014, Tanzania has implemented nationwide malaria screening for all pregnant women within the antenatal care system. We aimed to compare malaria test results during antenatal care to two po...
journal_title:The Lancet. Global health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30405-X
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00