Mechanisms of hyperprogressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: what we (don't) know.

Abstract:

:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of different types of tumors, leading to improvement in survival, even in patients with advanced cancers. Despite the good clinical results, a certain percentage of patients do not respond to this kind of immunotherapy. In addition, in a fraction of nonresponder patients, which can vary from 4 to 29% according to different studies, a paradoxical boost in tumor growth after ICI administration was observed: a completely unpredictable novel pattern of cancer progression defined as hyperprogressive disease. Since this clinical phenomenon has only been recently described, a universally accepted clinical definition is lacking, and major efforts have been made to uncover the biological bases underlying hyperprogressive disease. The lines of research pursued so far have focused their attention on the study of the immune tumor microenvironment or on the analysis of intrinsic genomic characteristics of cancer cells producing data that allowed us to formulate several hypotheses to explain this detrimental effect related to ICI therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important works that, to date, provide important insights that are useful in understanding the mechanistic causes of hyperprogressive disease.

journal_name

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

authors

Camelliti S,Le Noci V,Bianchi F,Moscheni C,Arnaboldi F,Gagliano N,Balsari A,Garassino MC,Tagliabue E,Sfondrini L,Sommariva M

doi

10.1186/s13046-020-01721-9

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-11-09 00:00:00

pages

236

issue

1

eissn

0392-9078

issn

1756-9966

pii

10.1186/s13046-020-01721-9

journal_volume

39

pub_type

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