Relevance of immune cell and tumor microenvironment imaging in the new era of immunotherapy.

Abstract:

:Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different immune subtypes may drive tumor progression, metastatization and resistance to therapy. New immunotherapeutic approaches aim at restoring the natural balance and increase immune response against cancer by different mechanisms. The complexity of these interactions and the heterogeneity of immune cell subpopulations are a real challenge when trying to develop new immunotherapeutics and evaluate or predict their efficacy in vivo. To this purpose, molecular imaging can offer non-invasive diagnostic tools like radiopharmaceuticals, contrast agents or fluorescent dyes. These agents can be useful for preclinical and clinical purposes and can overcome [18F]FDG limitations in discriminating between true-progression and pseudo-progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of immune cells involved in microenvironment, available immunotherapies and imaging agents to highlight the importance of new therapeutic biomarkers and their in vivo evaluation to improve the management of cancer patients.

journal_name

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

authors

Galli F,Aguilera JV,Palermo B,Markovic SN,Nisticò P,Signore A

doi

10.1186/s13046-020-01586-y

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-05-18 00:00:00

pages

89

issue

1

eissn

0392-9078

issn

1756-9966

pii

10.1186/s13046-020-01586-y

journal_volume

39

pub_type

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