Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis is controversial. OBJECTIVES:To determine if prophylactic antibiotics reduce the frequency of exacerbations and/or days of disability in subjects with chronic bronchitis. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Register of Clinical Trials and the bibliographies of relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomised controlled trials of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with chronic bronchitis and/or COPD were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:The eligibility of studies for inclusion was evaluated by three independent reviewers. MAIN RESULTS:Nine trials involving 1055 subjects were included in the analysis. All were performed before 1970. Concealment of allocation was assessed as clearly adequate in only 3 studies. The likelihood of having a exacerbation at any time during the course of the study was decreased with treatment (Relative Risk 0.91, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 0.84, 0.99). There was a small reduction in the number of exacerbations per patient per year with prophylactic antibiotics but this was not statistically significant ( Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) -0.15, 95%CI -0.34, 0.04 ). There was a modest but significant reduction of 22% in the number of days of disability per patient per month treated ( WMD -0.95, 95%CI -1.89 to - 0.01 ). A parallel reduction in the days of disability for each exacerbation (WMD -2.08, 95% CI -4.08 to -0.07) was seen. There was a small increase in adverse effects with antibiotics. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:Prophylactic antibiotics in chronic bronchitis / COPD have a small but statistically significant effect in reducing the days of illness due to exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. They do not have a place in routine treatment because of concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance and the possibility of adverse effects. The available data are over 30 years old, so the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity may have changed and there is a wider range of antibiotics in use.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Staykova T,Black PN,Chacko EE,Poole Pdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD004105keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
CD004105issue
1issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Minimally invasive techniques to treat great saphenous varicose veins include ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (USGFS), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser therapy (EVLT). Compared with conventional surgery (high ligation and stripping (HL/S)), proposed benefits include fewer complications...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005624.pub2
更新日期:2011-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postnatal depression, with a prevalence of at least 10%, is probably the most common complication of the puerperium. A deficiency or imbalance of sex hormones has repeatedly been suggested as a cause. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to evaluate the role of oestrogens and progestogens in the prev...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001690
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. The only possibly curative therapeutic option is surgical resection. Due to impaired liver function and/or anatomical reasons only a low percentage of patients can be treated surgically. For the remainder, several non-surg...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003046
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oxygen has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and is rigorously monitored in today's neonatal intensive care units. Recent research using a feline model has shown an improvement in ROP outcome of kittens treated with supplemental oxygen. Current treatment for ROP by ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003482
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The common cold is a major and recurrent cause of morbidity, on average affecting children and adults two or more times each year. Nasal congestion is its commonest symptom and many therapies are marketed for its relief. There is no meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials on the effects of nasal deconges...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001953.pub3
更新日期:2007-01-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychological therapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression....
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub6
更新日期:2013-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is hypersensitivity to the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus that complicates patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. The mainstay of treatment for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis remains oral corticosteroids, though this does not completely prevent exacerbations ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001108.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The efficacy of decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation in children with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis has not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVES:To determine the efficacy of decongestants, antihistamines or nasal irrigation in improving symptoms of acute sinusitis in children. SEA...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007909.pub4
更新日期:2014-10-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm causes aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, which is one of the most devastating clinical conditions. It can be classified into five Grades using the Hunt-Hess or World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale. Grades 4 and 5 predict poor prognosis and are known as...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008445.pub3
更新日期:2016-03-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The explicit use of theory in research helps expand the knowledge base. Theories and models have been used extensively in HIV-prevention research and in interventions for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The health behavior field uses many theories or models of change. However, many educati...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007249.pub5
更新日期:2016-11-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest skin cancer in the white population. It is traditionally treated by surgical excision (SE) or by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness, cost, complications and acceptability of periocular BCCs whe...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007041.pub2
更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypertension is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Although it is established that low-dose thiazides reduce mortality as well as cardiovascular morbidity, the dose-related effect of thiazides in decreasing blood pressure has not been subject to a rigorous systematic review. It is not known whether ind...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003824.pub2
更新日期:2014-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Historically, women have generally been attended and supported by other women during labour. However, in hospitals worldwide, continuous support during labour has often become the exception rather than the routine. OBJECTIVES:The primary objective was to assess the effects, on women and their babies, of con...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6
更新日期:2017-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is an extremely common and usually self-limiting condition in infants. When treatment is required, Cisapride, a pro-kinetic agent, has been commonly prescribed for the symptomatic management of GOR. There have been recent reports of possibly serious adverse events, e.g. an inc...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002300
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Memantine, a low affinity antagonist to glutamate NMDA receptors, may prevent excitatory neurotoxicity in dementia. OBJECTIVES:To determine efficacy and safety of memantine for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular (VD) and mixed dementia. SEARCH STRATEGY:The Specialized Register of the Cochrane D...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003154.pub3
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research shows that stroke patients and their families are dissatisfied with the information provided and have a poor understanding of stroke and associated issues. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of information provision strategies in improving the outcome for stroke patients or their identified car...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001919.pub3
更新日期:2012-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood onset disorder that can persist into adulthood. Amphetamines are used to treat adult ADHD, but uncertainties persist about their efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVES:To examine the efficacy and safety of amphetamines for adults with ADHD, as well as ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007813.pub2
更新日期:2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood vaccination is an effective way to prevent serious childhood illnesses, but many children do not receive all the recommended vaccines. There are various reasons for this; some parents lack access because of poor quality health services, long distances or lack of money. Other parents may not trust v...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011787.pub2
更新日期:2017-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glucocorticoids are commonly used for croup in children. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 1999 and previously updated in 2004 and 2011. OBJECTIVES:To examine the effects of glucocorticoids for the treatment of croup in children aged 0 to 18 years. SEARCH METHODS:We searched the Cochrane ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub4
更新日期:2018-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In neovascular age-related macular degeneration, new vessels grow under the retina, distorting vision and leading to scarring. This is further exacerbated if the blood vessels leak. Photodynamic therapy, originally used in cancer treatment, has been investigated as a way to treat the neovascular membranes wi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002030
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) and briakinumab (ABT-874) are monoclonal antibodies that target the standard p40 subunit of the cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 (IL-12/23p40), which are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this review were to assess the efficacy a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007572.pub3
更新日期:2016-11-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of infections including bacterial, viral and other aetiologies. In recent years, procalcitonin - the prohormone of calcitonin - has emerged as a promising marker for the diagnosis of bacterial infections and for improving decisions ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007498.pub2
更新日期:2012-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Febrile neutropenia (FN) and other infectious complications are some of the most serious treatment-related toxicities of chemotherapy for cancer, with a mortality rate of 2% to 21%. The two main types of prophylactic regimens are granulocyte (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (GM-CS...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007107.pub2
更新日期:2009-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The routine prophylactic administration of an oxytocic agent is an integral part of active management of the third stage of labour. These agents help prevent postpartum haemorrhage. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of ergometrine-oxytocin (syntometrine) with oxytocin alone i...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000201
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypertonic solutions are considered to have a greater ability to expand blood volume and thus elevate blood pressure and can be administered as a small volume infusion over a short time period. On the other hand, the use of hypertonic solutions for volume replacement may also have important disadvantages. O...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002045.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1002/14651858.ED000128
更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extracranial internal carotid artery dissection (eICAD) is a leading cause of stroke in younger patients. OBJECTIVES:1. To determine whether, in patients with eICAD, treatment with anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents or control was associated with a better functional outcome. 2. To compare, among patients t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000255.pub2
更新日期:2010-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endovascular stents have been suggested as a means to improve the patency of arteries after angioplasty in patients with intermittent claudication. This is an update of a Cochrane review published in 2002. OBJECTIVES:The null hypothesis to be tested by this review is that for individuals with claudication t...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003228.pub2
更新日期:2010-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by an abnormality of haemoglobin that predisposes to polymerization and consequent deformation ("sickling"). Sickle cell disease can cause episodes of acute severe pain. Chronic pain may also occur. Currently, pain is inadequately managed. O...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003350.pub2
更新日期:2006-04-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Care within a stroke unit reduces death or dependency after stroke. However, studies have found significant variations in clinical practice, access to stroke unit care, organisation of patient care, and clinical outcome. Stroke care pathways have been introduced as a method to promote organised and efficient...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002924
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00