Determination of rheology and surface tension of airway surface liquid: a review of clinical relevance and measurement techniques.

Abstract:

:By airway surface liquid, we mean a thin fluid continuum consisting of the airway lining layer and the alveolar lining layer, which not only serves as a protective barrier against foreign particles but also contributes to maintaining normal respiratory mechanics. In recent years, measurements of the rheological properties of airway surface liquid have attracted considerable clinical attention due to new advances in microrheology instruments and methods. This article reviews the clinical relevance of measurements of airway surface liquid viscoelasticity and surface tension from four main aspects: maintaining the stability of the airways and alveoli, preventing ventilator-induced lung injury, optimizing surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory syndrome distress, and characterizing the barrier properties of airway mucus to improve drug and gene delivery. Primary measuring techniques and methods suitable for determining the viscoelasticity and surface tension of airway surface liquid are then introduced with respect to principles, advantages and limitations. Cone and plate viscometers and particle tracking microrheometers are the most commonly used instruments for measuring the bulk viscosity and microviscosity of airway surface liquid, respectively, and pendant drop methods are particularly suitable for the measurement of airway surface liquid surface tension in vitro. Currently, in vivo and in situ measurements of the viscoelasticity and surface tension of the airway surface liquid in humans still presents many challenges.

journal_name

Respir Res

journal_title

Respiratory research

authors

Chen Z,Zhong M,Luo Y,Deng L,Hu Z,Song Y

doi

10.1186/s12931-019-1229-1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-12-04 00:00:00

pages

274

issue

1

eissn

1465-9921

issn

1465-993X

pii

10.1186/s12931-019-1229-1

journal_volume

20

pub_type

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