Abstract:
BACKGROUND:In the spring of 1918, the "War to End All Wars", which would ultimately claim more than 37 million lives, had entered into its final year and would change the global political and economic landscape forever. At the same time, a new global threat was emerging and would become one of the most devastating global health crises in recorded history. MAIN TEXT:The 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus spread across Europe, North America, and Asia over a 12-month period resulting in an estimated 500 million infections and 50-100 million deaths worldwide, of which ~ 50% of these occurred within the fall of 1918 (Emerg Infect Dis 12:15-22, 2006, Bull Hist Med 76:105-115, 2002). However, the molecular factors that contributed to the emergence of, and subsequent public health catastrophe associated with, the 1918 pandemic virus remained largely unknown until 2005, when the characterization of the reconstructed pandemic virus was announced heralding a new era of advanced molecular investigations (Science 310:77-80, 2005). In the century following the emergence of the 1918 pandemic virus we have landed on the Moon, developed the electronic computer (and a global internet), and have eradicated smallpox. In contrast, we have a largely remedial knowledge and understanding of one of the greatest scourges in recorded history. CONCLUSION:Here, we reflect on the 1918 influenza pandemic, including its emergence and subsequent rapid global spread. In addition, we discuss the pathophysiology associated with the 1918 virus and its predilection for the young and healthy, the rise of influenza therapeutic research following the pandemic, and, finally, our level of preparedness for future pandemics.
journal_name
BMC Infect Disjournal_title
BMC infectious diseasesauthors
Nickol ME,Kindrachuk Jdoi
10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-06 00:00:00pages
117issue
1issn
1471-2334pii
10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8journal_volume
19pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc), nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) are the most important bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media (OM). Previous studies have suggested that early upper respiratory tract (URT) bacterial carriage may increase risk of subsequent ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-366
更新日期:2012-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intestinal parasitic infections are still one of the major health concerns in developing countries. Monitoring of intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors are essential for intervention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infecti...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2466-x
更新日期:2017-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Febrile jaundice results clinically in generalized yellow coloration of the teguments and mucous membranes due to excess plasma bilirubin, accompanied by fever. Two types are found: conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin jaundice. Jaundice is a sign in several diseases due to viruses (viral hepatitis and arbo...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2840-8
更新日期:2017-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence has existed for decades that higher doses of rifampin may be more effective, but potentially more toxic, than standard doses used in tuberculosis treatment. Whether increased doses of rifampin could safely shorten treatment remains an open question. METHODS/DESIGN:The HIRIF study is a phase II rand...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1790-x
更新日期:2016-08-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rotavirus (RV) vaccine was added to Yemen's childhood vaccination schedule in late 2012. We evaluated the effect of vaccination on the epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and the characteristics of circulating RV strains. METHODS:Surveillance data was obtained at two sentinel hospitals from 5,691 ch...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1165-8
更新日期:2015-10-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance has necessitated fluoroquinolone use but little is known about the selective forces and resistance trajectory in malaria-endemic settings, where selection from the antimalarial chloroquine for fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria has been proposed. METHODS:Antimicrobial resistance was st...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-312
更新日期:2011-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Corynebacterium striatum is a member of the non-diphtherial corynebacteria, which are ubiquitous in nature and generally colonize the skin and mucous membranes of humans. Rarely, it causes infective endocarditis (IE). We report a case of rare left atrial bacterial vegetative mass due to C. striatum masquerad...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2468-8
更新日期:2017-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the value of real-time ultrasound elastography (RTE) for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis (LF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), to correlate the elastography findings with the histologic stage of LF and to compare RTE findings with those fr...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4459-4
更新日期:2019-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The present study was performed to assess the prognosis of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) after implementation of new processes of care. METHODS:Two groups of patients with CAP were admitted to a 16-bed multidisciplinary ICU in an urban teaching hos...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-196
更新日期:2013-04-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) represents a diagnostic and management challenge to clinicians. The "Thwaites' system" and "Lancet consensus scoring system" are utilized to differentiate TBM from bacterial meningitis but their utility in subacute and chronic meningitis where TBM is an important consideration is...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05502-9
更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:West Nile virus (WNV) infections have become increasingly prevalent in certain European countries, including Hungary. Although most human infections do not cause severe symptoms, in approximately 1% of cases WNV infections can lead to severe WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) and death. The goal of our study w...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05760-7
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hospital-based surveillance for pneumococcal meningitis has been conducted since January 1996 in the city of Salvador, Brazil. The purpose of this study was to describe the temporal evolution of Penicillin Non-Susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSSP) in regards to serotype distributions and clonal divers...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1049-y
更新日期:2015-07-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Before Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) was officially recommended and made available, a few surveys among gay and bisexual men, and persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), identified an informal use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) for PrEP among HIV-negative individuals. Before PrEP availability in Italy, we aimed t...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2819-5
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microscopic examination of peripheral blood smear produces reliable results both about the malaria infection status and level of parasitemia. However, test results are affected by skill of the laboratory personnel, workload, condition of microscopes and quality of laboratory supplies. Therefore, continuous m...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05077-5
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:American trypanosomiasis is a major disease and public health issue, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The prevalence of T. cruzi has not been fully documented, and there are few reports of this issue in Nuevo Leon. The aim of this study was to update the seroprevalence rate of T. cruzi inf...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-117
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The management of disseminated cysticercosis is unclear and largely considered hazardous. The role of albendazole remains controversial in such patients. METHODS:A tertiary care, University hospital-based prospective intervention study was conducted from December 2015 to December 2017. Patients with dissemi...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4891-5
更新日期:2020-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is one of the most pressing health emergencies in the world with a global prevalence of about 170 million people chronically infected worldwide. In Europe, Italy has the highest HCV prevalence (3 - 4.4%) with peaks of 12.6 - 26% in Southern regions and the major islands. In Italy HCV ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-S2-S5
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The staphylococci are implicated in a variety of human infections; however, many clinical microbiology laboratories in Nigeria do not identify staphylococci (in particular coagulase negative staphylococci - CNS) to the species level. Moreover, data from multi-centre assessment on antibiotic resistance and ep...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-286
更新日期:2012-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monocytes are the predominant innate immune cells at the early stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection as the host defense against intracellular pathogens. Understanding the profile of different monocyte subpopulations and the dynamics of monocyte-related biomarkers may be useful for the diagno...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4525-y
更新日期:2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of death in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals. However, diagnosis of TB in HIV remains challenging particularly when HIV infection is advanced. Several gene signatures and serum protein biomarkers have been identified that distinguish active TB from ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3127-4
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The 2009 revised World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for dengue describe fever as the core symptom. Accordingly, the diagnosis of non-febrile patients is complicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of fever in patients with dengue according to the 2009 revised WHO classification....
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2128-4
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Tashkent (Uzbekistan), TB treatment is provided in accordance with the DOTS strategy. Of 1087 pulmonary TB patients started on treatment in 2005, 228 (21%) defaulted. This study investigates who the defaulters in Tashkent are, when they default and why they default. METHODS:We reviewed the records of 126...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-97
更新日期:2008-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amoebic liver abscess is the most common extra intestinal manifestation of amoebiasis in tropical countries. It usually presents with right hypochondrial pain, fever and anorexia. Amoebic liver abscess has gained clinical significance due to the wide variety of clinical presentations which can cause diagnost...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2093-y
更新日期:2016-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Young people are disproportionately affected by sexually transmissible infections in Australia but face barriers to accessing sexual health services, including concerns over confidentiality and, for some, geographic remoteness. A possible innovation to increase access to services is the use of telemedicine. ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-285
更新日期:2011-10-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-touch fittings have been reported to be susceptible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa accumulation. A number of factors may contribute to this, including the frequency of usage, duration of water stagnation, or presence of plastic materials. Programmable non-touch fittings are appearing which allow regular auto...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-402
更新日期:2013-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study is to elucidate the disinfection effect of ozone producing low-pressure Hg vapor lamps against human pathogens. Ozone producing low-pressure Hg vapor lamps emit mainly 254 nm ultraviolet light C (UVC) with about 10% power of Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light at 185 nm. The combination of UVC and VUV ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4847-9
更新日期:2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improved treatment options of HIV have resulted in regular physical activities of many HIV-infected patients. However, data on effects of sports in HIV-patients are scarce. METHODS:21 HIV-infected persons were monitored prospectively while preparing for a marathon run. Multiple parameters with regard to imm...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2651-y
更新日期:2017-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that CD103 is an important marker for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) which plays an important role in anti-infection. However, the role of CD103+ TRM was not elucidated in the progress of S. japonicum infection induced disease. METHODS:6-8 weeks old C57BL/6 mice were infected...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4633-8
更新日期:2019-11-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although several researches have reported the connection between the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the conclusions of these studies were not always consistent. Here, this paper proposed a meta-analysis to evaluate whether the TGF-...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4390-8
更新日期:2019-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets and Indoor Residual Spraying in malaria vector control is threatened by vector resistance to insecticides. Knowledge of mosquito habitats and patterns of insecticide resistance would facilitate the development of appropriate vector control strategies. There...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1542-y
更新日期:2016-05-20 00:00:00