Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) plays a significant role in the clinical management of HIV infected people by preventing morbidity and mortality. This benefit becomes, the most terrible when treatment failure develops. Thus, this research aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of treatment failure among HIV/AIDS patients on HAART attending University of Gondar Referral Hospital Northwest Ethiopia. RESULTS:Patients on ART with a minimum of 6 months and up to 12 years of treatment were being enrolled. The prevalence of treatment failure, immunological failure and virological failure among people living with HIV/AIDS attending University of Gondar referral hospital were 20.3, 13.2, and 14.7%, respectively. Patients who had no formal education (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.8; 95% CI, 1.05-13.77), primary level education (AOR: 4.2; 95% CI, 1.16-15.01) and duration on ART < 6 years (AOR: 2.1; 95%CI, 1.12-3.81) were a significant risk factor. However, initial adult regimen D4T + 3TC+ EFV (AOR: 0.025; 95% CI, 0.002-0.36), AZT +3TC + NVP (AOR: 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.71), AZT + 3TC + EFV (AOR: 0.046; 95% CI, 0.004-0.57) andTDF+3TC + EFV (AOR: 0.04; 95% CI, 0.004-0.46) were significantly protective for treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS:Timely and early identification of associated factors and monitoring antiretroviral therapy treatment failure should be done to enhance the benefit and to prevent further complication of the patients. It is preferable to initiate ART using any one of the following ART regimens: AZT +3TC + NVP, AZT + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + EFV to prevent treatment failure. Since the prevalence of this treatment failure and its associated factor may be different from other ART centers and community in Ethiopia, further national representative institutional based cross-sectional researches are needed across all ART centers of Ethiopia in order to determine the prevalence of treatment failure and its associated factors.
journal_name
BMC Immunoljournal_title
BMC immunologyauthors
Ayele G,Tessema B,Amsalu A,Ferede G,Yismaw Gdoi
10.1186/s12865-018-0278-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-17 00:00:00pages
37issue
1issn
1471-2172pii
10.1186/s12865-018-0278-4journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMC IMMUNOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:There are three major B-cell compartments in peripheral lymphoid organs: the germinal center (GC), the mantle zone (MNZ) and the marginal zone (MGZ). Unique sets of B-cells reside in these compartments, and they have specific functional roles in humoral immune response. MNZ B cells are naive cells in a quies...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-5-20
更新日期:2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Expressed in embryonic development, matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) is absent in most of developed adult tissues, but recurs in inflammation during tissue injury, wound healing, tumor formation and metastasis. Expression of MMP-9 is tightly controlled by extracellular cues including pro-inflammatory cytokine...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-15
更新日期:2009-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis is an important causative agent of pertussis, an infectious disease of the respiratory tract. After introduction of whole-cell vaccines (wP) in the 1950's, pertussis incidence has decreased significantly. Because wP were found to be reactogenic, in most develo...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-21
更新日期:2008-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The adaptive immune system maintains a diversity of T cells capable of recognizing a broad array of antigens. Each T cell's specificity for antigens is determined by its T cell receptors (TCRs), which together across all T cells form a repertoire of millions of unique receptors in each individual. Although m...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-019-0300-5
更新日期:2019-06-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human Papillomavirus, HPV, is the main etiological factor for cervical cancer. Different studies show that in women infected with HPV there is a positive correlation between lesion grade and number of infiltrating macrophages, as well as with IL-10 higher expression. Using a HPV16 associated tumor model in m...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-27
更新日期:2010-06-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The bacterial biofilm at the gingival margin induces a host immune reaction. In this local inflammation epithelial cells defend the host against bacterial challenge. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone pathogen, infects epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the activatio...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-016-0185-5
更新日期:2017-01-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious human health problem that affects millions of people in the world. Understanding the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is essential for tackling this devastating disease. Mtb possesses a very complex cell envelope containing a variety of lipid components that par...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0102-3
更新日期:2015-06-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The role of M2 polarized macrophages (MΦ) during the allergic airway inflammation has been discussed in various animal models. However, their presence and relevance during the chronic and acute phase of allergic airway inflammation in humans has not been fully elucidated so far. In the present study we pheno...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-15-12
更新日期:2014-03-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dysregulation of the immune system has been shown to occur during spaceflight, although the detailed nature of the phenomenon and the clinical risks for exploration class missions have yet to be established. Also, the growing clinical significance of immune system evaluation combined with epidemic infectious...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-8-7
更新日期:2007-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most HIV-infected subjects exhibit a progressive rise in CD4 T-cell counts after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a subset of individuals exhibit very poor CD4 T-cell recovery despite effective control of HIV-RNA viraemia. We evaluated CD4 T-cell proliferation among subopt...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-14-26
更新日期:2013-06-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To understand the evolutionary origins of our own immune system, we need to characterise the immune system of our distant relatives, the marsupials and monotremes. The recent sequencing of the genomes of two marsupials (opossum and tammar wallaby) and a monotreme (platypus) provides an opportunity to charact...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-48
更新日期:2011-08-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dendritic cells (DC) play the key role in directing antigen-specific immune responses and manipulating their function may be a useful tool for immunotherapy. The balance between immune stimulation and tolerance is particularly important at mucosal interfaces, where discrimination between dangerous pathogens ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-10
更新日期:2008-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An ideal tumor vaccine should activate both effector and memory immune response against tumor-specific antigens. Beside the CD8+ T cells that play a central role in the generation of a protective immune response and of long-term memory, dendritic cells (DCs) are important for the induction, coordination and ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-45
更新日期:2010-09-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We sought to compare Pneumovax®23 responses in adults with subnormal IgG subclass concentrations. We studied adults with normal total IgG, frequent/severe respiratory infection, and subnormal IgG1, IgG3, or IgG1 + IgG3 before and after Pneumovax®23. We defined response as serotype-specific IgG > 1.3 μg/mL an...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-019-0310-3
更新日期:2019-08-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Respiratory burst function resulting in the release of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion (O2-) from neutrophils is one of the key mechanisms of the innate immune system, and maladaptive control of this mechanism is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of pathologies such as acute ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-25
更新日期:2009-05-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by defective function of Fas, autoimmune manifestations that predominantly involve blood cells, polyclonal accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes with lymphoadenomegaly and/or splenomegaly, and expans...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-8-28
更新日期:2007-11-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Therefore, defects in Treg development, maintenance or function have been associated with several human autoimmune diseases including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a systemic autoimmune di...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-5
更新日期:2009-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have developed a 12-parameter/10-color flow cytometric staining method for the simultaneous detection and characterization of 21 mouse thymocyte subpopulations that represent discreet stages of T cell development. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we assessed cytokine receptor expression on mouse...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-36
更新日期:2011-06-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacteria and a major cause of severe invasive diseases, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Infections with S. pneumoniae evoke a strong inflammatory response, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. RESULTS:In this st...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-52
更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vascular calcification is often associated with chronic inflammation and is a risk factor for brain arterial stiffness. Our previous results showed that miR32-5p was positively correlated with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) calcification, but it is unclear whether miR32-5p promoted VSMC calcification by...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-019-0324-x
更新日期:2020-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors (TNFi) and other biologics are very effective against autoimmune diseases, they can also cause infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether the TNFi sometimes used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated with huma...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0191-2
更新日期:2017-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most in vivo studies that have addressed the role of actin dynamics in NADPH oxidase function in phagocytes have used toxins to modulate the polymerization state of actin and mostly effects on actin has been evaluated by end point measurements of filamentous actin, which says little about actin dynamics, and...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-44
更新日期:2010-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:T-cells extravasation and CNS parenchyma infiltration during autoimmune neurodegenerative disease can be evoked by local antigen presenting cells. Studying the chemoattracting potential of spinal perivascular macrophages (SPM) during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), we observed numerous infiltr...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-3-11
更新日期:2002-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Myeloid cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, which include monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), play vital roles in innate immunity, and in the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immunity. While T cell-associated activation pathways and cytokines have been identified and evaluated in inf...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-019-0322-z
更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While dendritic cells (DCs) can induce tolerance in T cells, little is known about tolerance induction in DCs themselves. We have analysed tolerance induced in human in-vitro generated DCs by repeated stimulation with ligands for TLR4 and TLR2. RESULTS:DCs stimulated with the TLR4 ligand LPS did show a rapi...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-69
更新日期:2008-11-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Activation signals can be negatively regulated by cell surface receptors bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). CD300a, an ITIM bearing type I transmembrane protein, is expressed on many hematopoietic cells, including subsets of lymphocytes. RESULTS:We have taken two approaches to ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-23
更新日期:2012-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human tonsils are a rich source of B lymphocytes exhibiting a variety of phenotypes and activation states. Existing methods of purification are time consuming or costly. The aim of the present study was to optimize conditions to isolate large numbers of highly purified primary B lymphocytes from tonsils in a...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-30
更新日期:2009-05-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Besides their prominent role in the elimination of infected or malignantly transformed cells, natural killer (NK) cells serve as modulators of adaptive immune responses. Enhancing bidirectional crosstalk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) is considered a promising tool to potentiate cancer vaccines. W...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12865-018-0247-y
更新日期:2018-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immunoglobulin rearrangement involves random and imprecise processes that act to both create and constrain diversity. Two such processes are the loss of nucleotides through the action of unknown exonuclease(s) and the addition of P nucleotides. The study of such processes has been compromised by difficulties...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-5-19
更新日期:2004-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Marginal zone (MZ) B cells play important roles in the early phases of humoral immune responses. In addition to possessing an inherent capacity to rapidly differentiate into antibody secreting cells, MZ B cells also help to regulate the fate of both T-independent and T-dependent blood-borne antigens in the s...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-6-8
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00