Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) protein is a cell-surface receptor on certain lymphocytes that, with its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), helps to down-regulate immune responses. Many cancer types express PD-L1 and evade immune recognition via the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Precision therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have the potential to improve response and thereby offer a novel treatment avenue to some patients with cancer. However, this new therapeutic approach requires reliable methods for identifying patients whose cancers are particularly likely to respond. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review assessing evidence on test validation and scoring algorithms for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests that might be used to select potentially responsive patients with bladder/urothelial cell, lung, gastric, or ovarian cancers for immunotherapy treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS:To identify evidence on commercially available PD-L1 IHC assays, we systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for relevant studies published between January 2010 and September 2016 and appraised abstracts from recent oncology conferences (January 2013 to November 2016). Publications that met the predefined inclusion criteria were extracted and key trends summarized. In total, 26 eligible primary studies were identified, all of which reported on the test validation metrics associated with PD-L1 IHC tests in lung cancer, most using immunohistochemistry testing. There was significant heterogeneity among the available tests for PD-L1. Specifically, no definitive cutoff for PD-L1 positivity was identifiable, with more than one threshold being reported for most antibodies. Studies also differed as to whether they evaluated tumor cells only or tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. However, all of the tests developed and validated to support a therapeutic drug in the context of phase 2-3 clinical trials reported more than 90% inter-reader concordance. In contrast, other PD-L1 antibodies identified in the literature reported poorer concordance. CONCLUSIONS:Published validation metric data for PD-L1 tests are mainly focused on immunohistochemistry tests from studies in lung cancer. The variability in test cutoffs and standards for PD-L1 testing suggests that there is presently no standardized approach. This current variability may have implications for the uptake of precision treatments.
journal_name
Diagn Patholjournal_title
Diagnostic pathologyauthors
Udall M,Rizzo M,Kenny J,Doherty J,Dahm S,Robbins P,Faulkner Edoi
10.1186/s13000-018-0689-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-09 00:00:00pages
12issue
1issn
1746-1596pii
10.1186/s13000-018-0689-9journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Appendiceal parasites can cause symptoms of appendiceal pain, independent of microscopic evidence of acute inflammation. The diagnosis of a parasitic infestation is generally achieved only after the pathologic examination of the resected appendices. PATIENTS/METHODS:Pathology department records were reviewe...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-2-16
更新日期:2007-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although often associated with holoprosencephaly, little detail of the histopathology of cyclopia is available. Here, we describe the ocular findings in a case of trisomy 13 to better understand the histogenesis of the rosettes, or tubules, characteristic of the retinal dysplasia associated with this conditi...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-2-48
更新日期:2007-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) primarily derived from the base of the tongue, is rare. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are important aetiological risk factors for tumours of the head and neck. This study describes the clinicopathological features of NHL in the tongue base and the status...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-020-00936-w
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:FNA is a simple, safe, cost-effective and accurate diagnostic tool for the initial screening of patients with thyroid nodules. The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic utility of FNAC performed in our institution, assess the cytomorphologic features that contribute to diagnostic errors and prop...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-019-0924-z
更新日期:2020-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Meningioma, craniopharyngeoma and glioma are mainly intracranial lesions. Nevertheless, in rare cases these entities may occur solely as extracranial lesions that may present as intranasal/sinusoidal masses, with headaches and nasal obstruction. We present three cases of common intracranial tumors, with purely extracr...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-3-14
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a minimally invasive procedure performed to diagnose lymph node (LN) adenopathy. TBNA with and without endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guidance has a high diagnostic yield for malignant LN enlargement, but the value for diagnosing benign LN enlargement has been less...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-020-00958-4
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Concurrent hematologic malignancies are relatively rare. We encountered a case of concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and T lymphoblastic lymphoma. The bone marrow chromosome analysis showed the karyotype 46, XY, t(5;12)(q33;p13), which indicated presence of PDGFRB gene translocations. Therefore, this disease belo...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-19
更新日期:2012-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A number of studies have examined the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) rs1800796 polymorphism and risk of lung cancer but revealed inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between IL-6 rs1800796 polymorphism and risk of lung cancer. METHODS:Literature databases incl...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-9-134
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The optimal course of clinical follow-up after a diagnosis of breast papillary lesion on a core needle biopsy (CNB) remains elusive. In particular, no reports in literature have addressed this question in African-American population. We describe our experience with breast papillary lesions in a primarily Afr...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-9-86
更新日期:2014-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggested that apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) may result in lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, genetic polymorphisms in ApoA5 may be associated with the occurrence of osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). METHODS:We designed a case-control study including 223 pat...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-014-0229-1
更新日期:2014-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The occurrence of malignant lymphoma after delivery is an extremely rare event. Although several cases of Hodgkin lymphoma and B cell lymphoma and a few cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) after delivery have been reported, there are no report of autopsy cases of PTCL in the puerperal period. CASE PR...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-018-0707-y
更新日期:2018-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Giant cell angioblastoma (GCAB) is an extremely rare soft tissue tumor of early childhood and only five cases have been described to date. As such the clinical, pathological, and prognostic features are poorly defined. We prensent here a new case of GCAB in bone of a child aged 4-years old. The lesion was co...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-113
更新日期:2012-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a locally destructive tumor that occurs predominantly in long bones of post-pubertal adolescents and young adults, where it occurs in the epiphysis. The majority are treated by aggressive curettage or resection. Vascular invasion outside the boundary of the tumor can be seen. Metastas...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-5-62
更新日期:2010-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We examined the vascularity of mammary Paget disease histologically to confirm the increased blood flow observed previously by clinical imaging. The relationships among blood vessel density (BVD), histopathological parameters of blood flow in the nipple, and the expression of angiogenic factors such as basic...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-020-00988-y
更新日期:2020-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::This review provides a comprehensive overview of the broad clinicopathologic spectrum of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lesions. Variants discussed include: usual KS lesions associated with disease progression (i.e. patch, plaque and nodular stage); morphologic subtypes alluded to in the older literature such as anapla...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-3-31
更新日期:2008-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We report a case of recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis (RCNEV) in a 57-year-old male. The patient presented with papules and pruritus of the lower limbs of more than 1 month duration, and with angioedema and intensively pruritic, necrotizing lesions of the bilateral anterior tibias and f...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-8-185
更新日期:2013-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (GCTs) are sex cord stromal tumors of unpredictable behaviour. Up to now, the prediction of the relapsing/malignant potential remains difficult. CD56 (NCAM) in GCTs was previously described in only two studies. However, the expression of its isoforms was not examined....
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-3-29
更新日期:2008-07-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:c-MET is an oncogene protein that plays important role in gastric carcinogenesis and has been introduced as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of c-MET overexpression and its relationship with clinicopathological variables in gastric canc...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-57
更新日期:2012-05-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Morphine has been widely used as a clinical anesthetic and analgesic. However, abuse of morphine might result in psychological and physiological dependence. Previous studies have indicated that memory mechanisms play critical roles in morphine dependence. METHODS:Morphine dependence was established in mice ...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-9-142
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) encompass a group of rare mesenchymal neoplasms, which typically have a perivascular location with dual melanocytic and muscular differentiation. They are found in a variety of localizations, though lesions in the liver are exceedingly rare. Because of their rar...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-9-149
更新日期:2014-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the breast represents 0.04-0.5% of malignant lesions of the breast and accounts for 1.7-2.2% of extra-nodal NHL. Most primary cases are of B-cell phenotype and only rare cases are of T-cell phenotype. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare T-cell lymphoma typica...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-4-11
更新日期:2009-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 are constituents of the type II IL4 receptor. Recently, IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 were reported to have roles in cancer progression and suggested as potential prognostic markers. However, studies on IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 in soft-tissue sarcomas have been limited. METHODS:This study investigated the im...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-020-01066-z
更新日期:2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular Angiofibroma (CA) represents a quite recently described mesenchymal tumour that occurs in both genders, in particular in the vulvo-vaginal region in women and in the inguino-scrotal area in men. The first description of this tumour dates from Nucci et al. article in 1997; since then, the literature reports di...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0361-6
更新日期:2015-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths among the Iranians. There is still a high ratio of mortality and low 5 years survival which are related to the late onset and diagnosis. Majority of patients refer for the treatment in advanced stages of tumor progression. MAIN BODY:It ...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13000-019-0875-4
更新日期:2019-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Central neurocytoma/extraventricular neurocytoma is a central nervous system (CNS) tumor composed of uniform round cells with neuronal differentiation. The typical lesions of central neurocytoma/extraventricular neurocytoma are at the interventricular foramen of the lateral ventricles (central neurocytoma) or brain pa...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0406-x
更新日期:2015-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare entity originating from mesenchymal tissue, which stains for both melanocytic and smooth muscle markers. We would like to present an unusual case of the PEComa of the mesentery which was unexpected discovery in a female patient with colonic adenocarcinoma. The tum...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0265-5
更新日期:2015-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rhabdoid colorectal tumor (RCT) is a rare, highly aggressive neoplasm recurrent in elderly patients, commonly at the caecum. The molecular mechanisms underlying RCT pathogenesis remain poorly elucidated. The differential diagnosis is with the malignant rhabdoid tumors of infancy characterized by genetic inac...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-8-31
更新日期:2013-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a known major etiological factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used to detect primary HCC, whereas its sensitivity and specificity are not satisfying. Recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported t...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0369-y
更新日期:2015-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study consisted of two parts. One part was to analyze the survival rates of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in Chinese and explain the difference between our data and the literature. The other was to analyze the relationship between the expression of CD117 and the histological grade and the prognosis. M...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-119
更新日期:2012-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (SRMS) is an infrequent variant of rhabdomyosarcoma characterized by extensive intercellular hyaline fibrosis. We report the case of a 37 year-old male with a 9 x 6 cm SRMS on the right elbow. Histologically, the tumor showed an abundant extracellular hyaline matrix with extratumoral vascul...
journal_title:Diagnostic pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1746-1596-5-52
更新日期:2010-08-11 00:00:00