Nothing But NET: A Review of Neuroendocrine Tumors and Carcinomas.

Abstract:

:This review covers the diverse topic of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a relatively rare and heterogeneous tumor type, comprising ~2% of all malignancies, with a prevalence of <200,000 in the United States, which makes it an orphan disease (Basu et al., 2010).1 For functional purposes, NENs are divided into two groups on the basis of clinical behavior, histology, and proliferation rate: well differentiated (low grade to intermediate grade) neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated (high grade) neuroendocrine carcinoma (Bosman et al., 2010)2; this histological categorization/dichotomization is highly clinically relevant with respect to impact on treatment and prognosis even though it is not absolute since a subset of tumors with a low-grade appearance behaves similarly to high-grade lesions. Given the relative dearth of evidenced-based literature about this orphan disease as a whole (Modlin et al., 2008),3 since the focus of most articles is on particular anatomic subtypes of NENs (i.e., gastroenteropancreatic or pulmonary), the purpose of this review is to summarize the presentation, pathophysiology, staging, current standard of care treatments, and active areas of current research.

journal_name

Neoplasia

authors

Oronsky B,Ma PC,Morgensztern D,Carter CA

doi

10.1016/j.neo.2017.09.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-12-01 00:00:00

pages

991-1002

issue

12

eissn

1522-8002

issn

1476-5586

pii

S1476-5586(17)30347-0

journal_volume

19

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Progressive genomic instability in the Nup98-HoxD13 model of MDS correlates with loss of the PIG-A gene product.

    abstract::The Nup98-HoxD13 (NHD13) fusion gene was identified in a patient with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). When transgenically expressed in hematopoietic cells, mice faithfully recapitulate human disease with serial progression from peripheral blood (PB) cytopenias and increased bone marrow (BM) blasts to a...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.004

    authors: Byrne M,Bennett RL,Cheng X,May WS

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Bypass of tumor drug resistance by antivascular therapy.

    abstract::Multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a major obstacle for the successful chemotherapy of cancer. Its emergence during chemotherapy is attributed to a selective process, which gives a growth advantage to MDR cells within the genetically unstable neoplastic cell population. The pleiotropic nature of clinical MDR poses a ...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s1476-5586(03)80031-3

    authors: Preise D,Mazor O,Koudinova N,Liscovitch M,Scherz A,Salomon Y

    更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00

  • Vascular endothelial-targeted therapy combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy induces inflammatory intratumoral infiltrates and inhibits tumor relapses after surgery.

    abstract::Surgery is the most effective therapy for cancer in the United States, but disease still recurs in more than 40% of patients within 5 years after resection. Chemotherapy is given postoperatively to prevent relapses; however, this approach has had marginal success. After surgery, recurrent tumors depend on rapid neovas...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.12208

    authors: Judy BF,Aliperti LA,Predina JD,Levine D,Kapoor V,Thorpe PE,Albelda SM,Singhal S

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Combination of endostatin and a protein kinase Calpha DNA enzyme improves the survival of rats with malignant glioma.

    abstract::Malignant gliomas are refractory to conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Thus, a variety of therapies such as the inhibition of angiogenesis and signal transduction pathways have been attempted. In the present study, we have evaluated the combined effect of endostatin, an inhibitor...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.neo.7900271

    authors: Sorensen DR,Leirdal M,Iversen PO,Sioud M

    更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00

  • Tumor interstitial fluid pressure-a link between tumor hypoxia, microvascular density, and lymph node metastasis.

    abstract::High microvascular density (MVD) in the primary tumor has been shown to be associated with increased incidence of lymph node metastases and poor clinical outcome. Other investigations have revealed that a large fraction of hypoxic tissue in the primary tumor is associated with metastatic disease and impaired survival....

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.003

    authors: Rofstad EK,Galappathi K,Mathiesen BS

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Cytokines and chemokines are expressed at different levels in small and large murine colon-26 tumors following intratumoral injections of CpG ODN.

    abstract::Direct tumor injections of (CpG ODN) into murine colon tumor 26 (CT-26) tumors can induce a potent antitumor response. Tumor size at the beginning of treatment determines the final therapeutic outcome, with smaller tumors responding favorably to CpG ODN therapy whereas large tumors do not. CpG ODN injections in small ...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.04166

    authors: Sharma S,Karakousis CP,Takita H,Shin K,Brooks SP

    更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical implications of promoter hypermethylation in RASSF1A and MGMT in retinoblastoma.

    abstract::We investigated the epigenetic silencing and genetic changes of the RAS-associated domain family 1A (RASSF1A) gene and the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in retinoblastoma. We extracted DNA from microdissected tumor and normal retina tissues of the same patient in 68 retinoblastoma cases. Promoter ...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.04565

    authors: Choy KW,Lee TC,Cheung KF,Fan DS,Lo KW,Beaverson KL,Abramson DH,Lam DS,Yu CB,Pang CP

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Novel DNA copy number losses in chromosome 12q12--q13 in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

    abstract::In order to find common genetic abnormalities that may identify loci of genes involved in the development of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), we investigated DNA copy number changes in 24 of these tumors by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Our results indicate that unlike many carcinomas, ACCs have relatively f...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.neo.7900158

    authors: El-Rifai W,Rutherford S,Knuutila S,Frierson HF Jr,Moskaluk CA

    更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00

  • Stromal PDGFR-α Activation Enhances Matrix Stiffness, Impedes Mammary Ductal Development, and Accelerates Tumor Growth.

    abstract::The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for mammary ductal development and differentiation, but how mammary fibroblasts regulate ECM remodeling remains to be elucidated. Herein, we used a mouse genetic model to activate platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) specifically in the stroma. Hyperactivati...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2017.04.004

    authors: Hammer AM,Sizemore GM,Shukla VC,Avendano A,Sizemore ST,Chang JJ,Kladney RD,Cuitiño MC,Thies KA,Verfurth Q,Chakravarti A,Yee LD,Leone G,Song JW,Ghadiali SN,Ostrowski MC

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of metformin response by breast cancer associated gene 2.

    abstract::Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, has emerged as a promising molecular target in the prevention of breast cancer. Clinical trials using the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, AMPK-activating, antidiabetic drug metformin a...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.131434

    authors: Buac D,Kona FR,Seth AK,Dou QP

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • Colorectal cancer "methylator phenotype": fact or artifact?

    abstract::It has been proposed that human colorectal tumors can be classified into two groups: one in which methylation is rare, and another with methylation of several loci associated with a "CpG island methylated phenotype (CIMP)," characterized by preferential proximal location in the colon, but otherwise poorly defined. The...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.04502

    authors: Anacleto C,Leopoldino AM,Rossi B,Soares FA,Lopes A,Rocha JC,Caballero O,Camargo AA,Simpson AJ,Pena SD

    更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00

  • CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell skewness in classic Kaposi sarcoma.

    abstract::It is widely accepted that a deranged immune system plays a key role in the onset and evolution of classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS). Nevertheless, the usage of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β-variable (BV) chain repertoire expressed by peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with CKS is still unknown. With the aim of providi...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1596/neo.11646

    authors: Galleu A,Fozza C,Simula MP,Contini S,Virdis P,Corda G,Pardini S,Cottoni F,Pruneddu S,Angeloni A,Ceccarelli S,Longinotti M

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Tumor angiogenesis phenotyping by nanoparticle-facilitated magnetic resonance and near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging.

    abstract::One of the challenges of tailored antiangiogenic therapy is the ability to adequately monitor the angiogenic activity of a malignancy in response to treatment. The α(v)β(3) integrin, highly overexpressed on newly formed tumor vessels, has been successfully used as a target for Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-functionalized nanopart...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.121148

    authors: Jarzyna PA,Deddens LH,Kann BH,Ramachandran S,Calcagno C,Chen W,Gianella A,Dijkhuizen RM,Griffioen AW,Fayad ZA,Mulder WJ

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • Defining characteristics of Types I and II apoptotic cells in response to TRAIL.

    abstract::Type I cells have been defined to be independent of mitochondria for the induction of Fas death receptor-mediated apoptosis, whereas Type II cells are mitochondria-dependent. Knock-out studies in mice show that thymocytes are Type I and liver cells are Type II. We have previously shown that primary human hepatocytes a...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.neo.7900270

    authors: Ozören N,El-Deiry WS

    更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00

  • Pushing the optical imaging limits of cancer with multi-frequency-band raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM).

    abstract::Angiogenesis is a central cancer hallmark, necessary for supporting tumor growth and metastasis. In vivo imaging of angiogenesis is commonly applied, to understand dynamic processes in cancer development and treatment strategies. However, most radiological modalities today assess angiogenesis based on indirect mechani...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2014.12.010

    authors: Omar M,Schwarz M,Soliman D,Symvoulidis P,Ntziachristos V

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Ex vivo assessment of targeted therapies in a rare metastatic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.

    abstract::Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare subtype of salivary gland neoplasms. Since the initial description of the cancer, just over 300 cases have been reported. EMCs occupy a biphasic cellular differentiation-state defined by the constitution of two cell types representing epithelial and myoepithelial line...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2020.06.007

    authors: Mäkelä R,Arjonen A,Suryo Rahmanto A,Härmä V,Lehtiö J,Kuopio T,Helleday T,Sangfelt O,Kononen J,Rantala JK

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Targeting Liver Cancer and Associated Pathologies in Mice with a Mitochondrial VDAC1-Based Peptide.

    abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most lethal cancer worldwide. Despite progress in identifying risk factors, the incidence of HCC is increasing. Moreover, therapeutic options are limited and survival is poor. Therefore, alternative and innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently required. R-Tf-D-LP4, a c...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.012

    authors: Pittala S,Krelin Y,Shoshan-Barmatz V

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Lysophosphatidic Acid Up-Regulates Hexokinase II and Glycolysis to Promote Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells.

    abstract::Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a blood-borne lipid mediator, is present in elevated concentrations in ascites of ovarian cancer patients and other malignant effusions. LPA is a potent mitogen in cancer cells. The mechanism linking LPA signal to cancer cell proliferation is not well understood. Little is known about whet...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2015.09.003

    authors: Mukherjee A,Ma Y,Yuan F,Gong Y,Fang Z,Mohamed EM,Berrios E,Shao H,Fang X

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • In vivo confocal fluorescence imaging of the intratumor distribution of the photosensitizer mono-L-aspartylchlorin-e6.

    abstract::We present an in vivo fluorescence microscopic evaluation of intratumor distribution of the photosensitizer mono-L-aspartylchlorin-e6 (NPe6) in an intradermal mouse EMT6 tumor model. Although the identification of favorable photophysical and pharmacological properties has led to the development of new photosensitizers...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.08104

    authors: Mitra S,Foster TH

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Epigenetic Regulation of GDF2 Suppresses Anoikis in Ovarian and Breast Epithelia.

    abstract::Anoikis, a cell death mechanism triggered upon cell-matrix detachment, is regarded as a physiological suppressor of metastasis that can be regulated by a diverse array of signals. The protein encoded by GDF2 is BMP9 and is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family and the transforming growth factor (TGF) β sup...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.003

    authors: Varadaraj A,Patel P,Serrao A,Bandyopadhay T,Lee NY,Jazaeri AA,Huang Z,Murphy SK,Mythreye K

    更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00

  • High Expression of HLA-G in Ovarian Carcinomatosis: The Role of Interleukin-1β.

    abstract::The present study focuses on the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the expression of HLA-G in ovarian cancer and its impact on immune cells. We used carcinomatosis fluids (n = 16) collected from patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer, detected by an increase in CA125 levels. Our results indicate th...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.001

    authors: Ullah M,Azazzen D,Kaci R,Benabbou N,Pujade Lauraine E,Pocard M,Mirshahi M

    更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00

  • Apoptosis Reversal Promotes Cancer Stem Cell-Like Cell Formation.

    abstract::It has long been a puzzle in cancer treatment that despite the initial appearance of apoptosis, the process could be reversed in some cancer cells and often results in more aggressive tumors and metastasis. The mechanism for this recurrence is yet unknown. Here we report that human mammary carcinoma cells induced to u...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.005

    authors: Xu Y,So C,Lam HM,Fung MC,Tsang SY

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular concepts analysis links tumors, pathways, mechanisms, and drugs.

    abstract::Global molecular profiling of cancers has shown broad utility in delineating pathways and processes underlying disease, in predicting prognosis and response to therapy, and in suggesting novel treatments. To gain further insights from such data, we have integrated and analyzed a comprehensive collection of "molecular ...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.07292

    authors: Rhodes DR,Kalyana-Sundaram S,Tomlins SA,Mahavisno V,Kasper N,Varambally R,Barrette TR,Ghosh D,Varambally S,Chinnaiyan AM

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • BJ-TSA-9, a novel human tumor-specific gene, has potential as a biomarker of lung cancer.

    abstract::Using bioinformatics, we have identified a novel tumor-specific gene BJ-TSA-9, which has been validated by Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). BJ-TSA-9 mRNA was expressed in 52.5% (21 of 40) of human lung cancer tissues and was especially higher in lung adenocarcinoma (...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.05406

    authors: Li Y,Dong X,Yin Y,Su Y,Xu Q,Zhang Y,Pang X,Zhang Y,Chen W

    更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00

  • p27KIP1 deletions in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

    abstract::The p27KIP1 gene, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, has been assigned to chromosome band 12p12, a region often affected by cytogenetically apparent deletions or translocations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). As described here, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis o...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1038/sj.neo.7900033

    authors: Komuro H,Valentine MB,Rubnitz JE,Saito M,Raimondi SC,Carroll AJ,Yi T,Sherr CJ,Look AT

    更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00

  • CCN6 knockdown disrupts acinar organization of breast cells in three-dimensional cultures through up-regulation of type III TGF-β receptor.

    abstract::While normal cells in the human breast are organized into acinar structures, disruption of the acinar architecture is a hallmark of cancer. In a three-dimensional model of morphogenesis, we show that down-regulation of the matrix-associated tumor suppressor protein CCN6 (WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 3) dis...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.121322

    authors: Pal A,Huang W,Toy KA,Kleer CG

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • Concomitant BCORL1 and BRAF Mutations in Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma Cells.

    abstract::BRAF is the most frequently mutated gene in melanoma. Constitutive activation of mutant BRAFV600E leads to aberrant Ras-independent MAPK signaling and cell transformation. Inhibition of mutant BRAF is a current frontline therapy for such cases, with improved survival compared with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, reactiva...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.009

    authors: Mologni L,Costanza M,Sharma GG,Viltadi M,Massimino L,Citterio S,Purgante S,Raman H,Pirola A,Zucchetti M,Piazza R,Gambacorti-Passerini C

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • CTHRC1 acts as a prognostic factor and promotes invasiveness of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by activating Wnt/PCP-Rho signaling.

    abstract::Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the major gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors with a variable malignancy ranging from a curable disorder to highly malignant sarcomas. Metastasis and recurrence are the main causes of death in GIST patients. To further explore the mechanism of metastasis and to more accurate...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2014.03.001

    authors: Ma MZ,Zhuang C,Yang XM,Zhang ZZ,Ma H,Zhang WM,You H,Qin W,Gu J,Yang S,Cao H,Zhang ZG

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Elevated p21-activated kinase 2 activity results in anchorage-independent growth and resistance to anticancer drug-induced cell death.

    abstract::p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK-2) seems to be a regulatory switch between cell survival and cell death signaling. We have shown previously that activation of full-length PAK-2 by Rac or Cdc42 stimulates cell survival, whereas caspase activation of PAK-2 to the proapoptotic PAK-2p34 fragment is involved in the cell death ...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1593/neo.81446

    authors: Marlin JW,Eaton A,Montano GT,Chang YW,Jakobi R

    更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00

  • H19 Overexpression Induces Resistance to 1,25(OH)2D3 by Targeting VDR Through miR-675-5p in Colon Cancer Cells.

    abstract::The long noncoding (lnc) RNA H19 was involved in the tumorigenesis of many types of cancer. However, the role of H19 in the tumorigenesis of colon cancer has not been fully illustrated. Recent studies suggested a potential relationship between H19 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling. Considering the pivotal role of...

    journal_title:Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neo.2016.10.007

    authors: Chen S,Bu D,Ma Y,Zhu J,Chen G,Sun L,Zuo S,Li T,Pan Y,Wang X,Liu Y,Wang P

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00