Sensory stimulation for brain injured individuals in coma or vegetative state.

abstract：BACKGROUND:In nephrotic syndrome protein leaks from the blood to the urine through the glomeruli resulting in hypoproteinaemia and generalised oedema. While most children with nephrotic syndrome respond to corticosteroids, 80% experience a relapsing course. Corticosteroids have reduced the mortality rate to around 3%. ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hahn D,Hodson EM,Willis NS,Craig JC

更新日期：2015-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) self-management interventions should be structured but personalised and often multi-component, with goals of motivating, engaging and supporting the patients to positively adapt their behaviour(s) and develop skills to better manage disease. Exacerbation action pl...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lenferink A,Brusse-Keizer M,van der Valk PD,Frith PA,Zwerink M,Monninkhof EM,van der Palen J,Effing TW

更新日期：2017-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgical bypass of an occluded arterial segment is the mainstay of treatment for patients with critical limb ischaemia. As with many surgical interventions, however, it was introduced without formal evaluation. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to determine the effects of bypass surgery in patient...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Leng GC,Davis M,Baker D

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Foot ulceration is thought to affect 15% of all people with diabetes at some time during their life. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of pressure relieving interventions in the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches of 19 databases, hand searching of journals, bibl...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Spencer S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Breathlessness is one of the most common symptoms experienced in the advanced stages of malignant and non-malignant disease. Benzodiazepines are widely used for the relief of breathlessness in advanced diseases and are regularly recommended in the literature. However, the evidence for their use for this symp...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Simon ST,Higginson IJ,Booth S,Harding R,Bausewein C

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The benefits and risks of antibiotics for acute bronchitis remain unclear despite it being one of the most common illnesses seen in primary care. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of antibiotics in improving outcomes and assess adverse effects of antibiotic therapy for patients with a clinical diagnosis of a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Smith SM,Fahey T,Smucny J,Becker LA

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Geriatric day hospitals provide multi-disciplinary rehabilitation in an outpatient setting. Concern has been expressed that evidence for effectiveness is equivocal and that day hospital care is expensive. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of medical day hospitals for elderly people. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searc...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Forster A,Young J,Langhorne P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinaemia) are associated with narrowing or blocking of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Treatment to lower homocysteine levels has been shown to be both effective and cheap in healthy volunteers. However, the impact of reducing homocysteine l...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Andras A,Stansby G,Hansrani M

更新日期：2013-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinical and experimental data suggest that certain dietary regimens, particularly those including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamins might improve outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Diets and dietary supplements are much used by people with MS in the belief that they might improv...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Farinotti M,Simi S,Di Pietrantonj C,McDowell N,Brait L,Lupo D,Filippini G

更新日期：2007-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Therapy with either recombinant beta-1a or beta-1b interferons (IFNs) is worldwide approved for Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). A major unanswered question is whether this treatment is able to safely reverse or retard the progressive phase of the disease. OBJECTIVES:The main objective was to ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： La Mantia L,Vacchi L,Di Pietrantonj C,Ebers G,Rovaris M,Fredrikson S,Filippini G

更新日期：2012-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hip fracture in the elderly is usually the result of a simple fall and hip protectors have been advocated as a means to reduce impact and consequences of such falls. OBJECTIVES:To determine if external hip protectors reduce the incidence of hip fractures in elderly persons following a fall. SEARCH STRATEGY...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Parker MJ,Gillespie LD,Gillespie WJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Infection with head lice is a widespread condition in developed and developing countries. Infection occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults. If left untreated the condition can become intensely irritating and skin infections may occur if the bites are scratched. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Dodd CS

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Narcolepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system, the main symptoms of which are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy (an abrupt and reversible decrease in or loss of muscle tone, affecting the limbs or trunk or both, elicited by emotional stimuli). Narcolepsy has an adverse impact on peopl...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Vignatelli L,D'Alessandro R,Candelise L

更新日期：2008-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors were recently approved as glucose-lowering interventions in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Potential beneficial or harmful effects of SGLT 2 inhibitors in people at risk for the development of T2DM are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hemmingsen B,Krogh J,Metzendorf MI,Richter B

更新日期：2016-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is common in hospitalised patients, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances in treatment, AKI outcomes have not changed substantially during the past four decades, and incidence is increasing. There is an urgent need to explore novel th...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nigwekar SU,Strippoli GF,Navaneethan SD

更新日期：2013-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) is considered to be the cornerstone of therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, compliance with this treatment is frequently poor, which may lead to ongoing symptoms of sleep disruption, daytime sleepiness and poor waking cognitive function. Mechanical ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Smith I,Lasserson TJ

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychological therapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression....

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cooney GM,Dwan K,Greig CA,Lawlor DA,Rimer J,Waugh FR,McMurdo M,Mead GE

更新日期：2013-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In developing countries, phenobarbitone is commonly used but its use in Europe and the USA has decreased due to concerns over adverse effects. Carbamazepine is recommended as the drug of choice for partial onset seizures, and there is concern that it may worsen some generalized onset seizure types. We report...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Tudur Smith C,Marson AG,Williamson PR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The optimal glycaemic control target in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes is unclear, although there is a clear link between high glucose concentrations and adverse birth outcomes. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of different intensities of glycaemic control in pregnant women with pre-existing type...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Middleton P,Crowther CA,Simmonds L,Muller P

更新日期：2010-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Respiratory failure due to lung immaturity is a major cause of mortality in preterm infants. Although intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) saves lives, lung distortion during its use is associated with lung injury and chronic lung disease (CLD). Conventional IPPV is provided at 30-80 breaths per...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Henderson-Smart DJ,Bhuta T,Cools F,Offringa M

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic pulmonary infection is one of the hallmarks of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. Infections dominated by organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of at least 17 closely-related species of gram-negative bacteria, are particularly difficult to treat. These infections may be associated with...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Horsley A,Jones AM

更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Breastfeeding is important, however not all infants can feed at the breast and methods of expressing milk need evaluation. OBJECTIVES:To assess acceptability, effectiveness, safety, effect on milk composition, contamination and costs of methods of milk expression. SEARCH METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Pr...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Becker GE,Smith HA,Cooney F

更新日期：2016-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) are synthetic colloids commonly used for fluid resuscitation, yet controversy exists about their impact on kidney function. OBJECTIVES:To examine the effects of HES on kidney function compared to other fluid resuscitation therapies in different patient populations. SEARCH STRATE...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Dart AB,Mutter TC,Ruth CA,Taback SP

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Measles is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally, despite increasing vaccine coverage. Zinc plays a significant role in the maintenance of normal immunological functions, therefore supplements given to zinc-deficient children will increase the availability of zinc and could reduce ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Awotiwon AA,Oduwole O,Sinha A,Okwundu CI

更新日期：2017-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Phenylketonuria results from a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Dietary restriction of phenylalanine keeps blood phenylalanine concentration low. Most natural foods are excluded from diet and supplements are used to supply other nutrients. Recent publications report a decrease in blood phe...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Somaraju UR,Merrin M

更新日期：2015-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Micronutrient status can affect cognitive function at all ages. Vitamin deficiencies could influence memory function and might contribute to age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia. Vitamin B6, comprising three chemically distinct compounds pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine, is involved in the...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Malouf R,Grimley Evans J

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Considerable controversy exists as to whether any benefit of doxorubicin-based combination chemotherapy outweighs increased toxic effects, inconvenience, and additional costs, compared to single-agent doxorubicin. There is substantial variation in clinical practice in the treatment of patients with locally a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bramwell VH,Anderson D,Charette ML,Sarcoma Disease Site Group.

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) can lead to tobacco dependence and long-term use can lead to health problems including periodontal disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of behavioural and pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of ST use. SEAR...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ebbert JO,Elrashidi MY,Stead LF

更新日期：2015-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol is one of the most common causes of liver disease in the Western World today. Randomised clinical trials have examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease. OBJECTIVES:The objectives were to assess the beneficial and harmful effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rambaldi A,Iaquinto G,Gluud C

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 9, 2010 on "Interventions for cough in cancer". Cough is a common symptom in patients with malignancies, especially in patients with lung cancer. Cough is not well controlled in clinical practice and clinicians have few manag...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Molassiotis A,Bailey C,Caress A,Tan JY

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00